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the claim
Membrane potential is not zero at equilibrium due to unequal ion distributions
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
4 sources for · 0 against

Multiple studies and foundational biophysical principles confirm that the membrane potential at equilibrium is non-zero due to the unequal transmembrane distribution of ions.

Evidence for · 4
Determining K+ Channel Activation Curves from K+ Channel Currents Often Requires the Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz Equation
2009 · cited by 18
The paper discusses the unequal distribution of K+ ions across the intra- and extracellular media and how it relates to membrane potential descriptions.
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The analysis

The claim is that membrane potential is not zero at equilibrium due to unequal ion distributions. Papers 2, 4, 5, and 7 all discuss how membrane potentials (or equilibrium/resting potentials) arise from and depend on unequal or uneven ion concentrations across cell membranes. Therefore, the evidence strongly supports the claim, and no retrieved papers refute it.

More for · 3
Quantum Electrochemical Equilibrium: Quantum Version of the Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz Equation
2020 · cited by 12
The study notes that the resting membrane voltage of excitable cells is determined by the electrochemical equilibrium and unequal concentrations of potassium and sodium ions.
The critical role of logarithmic transformation in Nernstian equilibrium potential calculations.
2017 · cited by 12
The paper states that the membrane potential arises from the uneven distribution of ions across cell membranes containing selectively permeable ion channels.
Relationship between inorganic ion distribution, resting membrane potential, and the Δ<i>G</i>' of ATP hydrolysis: a new paradigm.
2019 · cited by 8
The study discusses how inorganic ions are distributed unequally across the plasma membrane and how this relates to the cell resting membrane potential.
Everything we examined (12)
We also searched for evidence AGAINST this claim, not only for it.
  1. On the Coupling between Mechanical Properties and Electrostatics in Biological Membranes.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  2. Effect of Solution Composition on the Energy Production by Capacitive Mixing in Membrane-Electrode Assemblypeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  3. Determining K+ Channel Activation Curves from K+ Channel Currents Often Requires the Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz Equationpeer-reviewedsupports
  4. Fluorescence Imaging of Cell Membrane Potential: From Relative Changes to Absolute Values.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  5. Quantum Electrochemical Equilibrium: Quantum Version of the Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz Equationpeer-reviewedsupports
  6. The critical role of logarithmic transformation in Nernstian equilibrium potential calculations.peer-reviewedsupports
  7. The Gárdos Channel and Piezo1 Revisited: Comparison between Reticulocytes and Mature Red Blood Cells.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  8. Relationship between inorganic ion distribution, resting membrane potential, and the Δ<i>G</i>' of ATP hydrolysis: a new paradigm.peer-reviewedsupports
  9. The founding of <i>Journal of General Physiology</i>: Membrane permeation and ion selectivity.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  10. Electrochemical Interpretation of Propagation of the Change in the Membrane Potential Using the Goldman‐Hodgkin‐Katz Equationpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  11. The type of inhibition provided by thalamic interneurons alters the input selectivity of thalamocortical neurons.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  12. Toward measurements of absolute membrane potential in Bacillus subtilis using fluorescence lifetime.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked06 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8306 Aug 2026
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