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the claim

Maternal antibiotic use negatively affects breastfed infants

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
3 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Evidence indicates that maternal and early infant antibiotic use negatively impacts breastfed infants by disrupting gut microbiome development and increasing the carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

The analysis

The retrieved literature consistently supports the premise that antibiotic exposure—either directly or via maternal transmission affecting breastfed infants—disrupts the normal trajectory of the infant gut microbiome, reduces beneficial metabolic functions, and enriches antimicrobial resistance genes.

Evidence for · 3
Antibiotic exposure prevents acquisition of beneficial metabolic functions in the preterm infant gut microbiome
Recorded source metadata

Yanping Xu, Olivia Milburn, Traci Beiersdorfer, Lizhong Du, Henry Akinbi, David B. Haslam. Antibiotic exposure prevents acquisition of beneficial metabolic functions in the preterm infant gut microbiome. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-022-01300-4

Paper 0 demonstrates that early antibiotic exposure disrupts the developmental trajectory and metabolic functions of the neonatal gut microbiome.

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More for · 2
Breastfeeding and the milk resistome shape the establishment and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in the infant gut microbiome
Recorded source metadata

Z. Pan, C. Walsh, C. Feehily, Sai Ravi Chandra Nori, F. McAuliffe, P. Cotter, J. MacSharry, D. van Sinderen. Breastfeeding and the milk resistome shape the establishment and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in the infant gut microbiome. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2025.2541033

Paper 7 notes that maternal antibiotic use can facilitate the transmission of specific antibiotic resistance genes to breastfed infants via breast milk.

Temporal Burden of WHO Critical-Priority Enterobacteriaceae in the Infant Gut During Early Life influenced by Maternal Postpartum Antibiotic Exposure.
Recorded source metadata

Saahithya Mahesh, V. Rajesh, V. Shetty, Ankur Mutreja, A. Hegde, Veena G. Kamath, M. A. Kunder, Shrikiran Aroor, T. Ramamurthy, Shruti R Pai, M. Ballal. Temporal Burden of WHO Critical-Priority Enterobacteriaceae in the Infant Gut During Early Life influenced by Maternal Postpartum Antibiotic Exposure.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100999

Paper 8 shows that maternal postpartum antibiotic exposure significantly increases the likelihood of infants carrying drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked01 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8501 Aug 2026
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