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the claim
Mammals are the only animals that possess outer ears or pinnae
the verdict
REFUTED
the evidence says no
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
0 sources for · 2 against

The claim that mammals are the only animals with outer ears or pinnae is false, as certain insects such as katydids and bush-crickets also possess cuticular flaps functioning as auditory pinnae.

Evidence against · 2
2023 · cited by 4
Paper 5 notes that katydids possess outer ear components including pinnae analogous to mammalian ears.
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The analysis

The claim asserts that only mammals possess outer ears or pinnae. However, retrieved papers explicitly describe auditory pinnae in non-mammalian taxa, specifically insects like katydids and bush-crickets. Therefore, the claim is clearly refuted by the evidence.

More against · 1
2026 · cited by 0
Paper 10 discusses the presence of auditory pinnae covering the tympanic membranes in bush-crickets.
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked04 Aug 2026
judged → REFUTED · 1404 Aug 2026
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