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the claim
Male anglerfish permanently attach to females as sexual parasites
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
5 sources for · 0 against

Extensive biological evidence confirms that male deep-sea anglerfishes engage in sexual parasitism, permanently attaching to and fusing with females to establish a shared circulatory system.

Evidence for · 5
The immunogenetics of sexual parasitism
2020 · cited by 59
Swann et al. (2020) detail how male anglerfishes permanently attach to females through tissue fusion and circulatory connection, noting the immunological adaptations that permit this sexual parasitism.
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The analysis

The retrieved papers consistently state that male deep-sea anglerfishes (Ceratioidei) exhibit sexual parasitism characterized by permanent attachment and tissue fusion to females. There is no contradictory evidence in the literature provided.

More for · 4
Synergistic innovations enabled the radiation of anglerfishes in the deep open ocean.
2024 · cited by 19
The study by the authors (2024) notes that ceratioid anglerfishes are unique among vertebrates in exhibiting sexual parasitism, where males temporarily attach or permanently fuse to females.
Deep-sea anglerfishes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) from off northeastern Brazil, with remarks on the ceratioids reported from the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone
2021 · cited by 8
The survey of deep-sea anglerfishes by Figueiredo et al. (2021) highlights extreme sexual dimorphism and male parasitism as key reproductive adaptations within the suborder Ceratioidei.
Histocompatibility and Reproduction: Lessons from the Anglerfish
2022 · cited by 4
Pietsch et al. (2022) discuss the reproductive strategy in certain deep-sea anglerfishes involving the permanent attachment of dwarf males to much larger females and the fusion of their tissues.
Reproductive assurance drives the evolution of parasitic males in anglerfishes.
2026 · cited by 0
This 2026 paper evaluates reproductive assurance in deep-sea anglerfishes where dwarf males permanently fuse with large females as an extreme mating strategy.
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked04 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8604 Aug 2026
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