Lunar subsurface temperatures remain constant at specific depths
Lunar subsurface temperatures are not constant at specific depths; instead, thermal profiles vary with depth, latitude, and local environmental conditions.
The claim states that lunar subsurface temperatures remain constant at specific depths. However, multiple lunar thermal studies and in situ measurements (Papers 0, 7, 8, and 9) demonstrate that subsurface temperatures vary with depth due to geothermal gradients, solar irradiance, and diurnal/seasonal thermal waves. Therefore, the claim is refuted by the literature.
R. C. Little, W. C. Feldman, S. Maurice, I. Genetay, D. J. Lawrence, S. L. Lawson, O. Gasnault, B. L. Barraclough, R. C. Elphic, T. H. Prettyman, A. B. Binder. Latitude variation of the subsurface lunar temperature: Lunar Prospector thermal neutrons. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001je001497
Paper [0] discusses how lunar subsurface temperature profiles vary with latitude and depth rather than remaining constant.
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Xiao X, Yu S, Huang J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xiao L. Thermophysical properties of the regolith on the lunar far side revealed by the <i>in situ</i> temperature probing of the Chang'E-4 mission.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwac175
Paper [7] provides in situ temperature measurements showing variations through the lunar regolith depth.
S. Nagihara, K. Zacny, P. Ngo, L. Sanasarian, R. Misra, M. Zasadzien, V. Sanigepalli, M. Schmitt, A. Wang, C. Ladd, A. Shmavonian, P. Ng, Y. Hwang, W. Garcia, J. Knorr, R. Tuanuma, T. Thomas, H. Jung, X. Estey, T. Colenbrander, X. Fries, J. Emery, N. Jeevanjee, C. Castle, N. Sadagopan, T. Heiman, E. Killian, N. Steele, Y. Matsuyama, G. Paulsen, M. Grott, J. Knollenberg, T. Hudson, S. Smrekar, M. Siegler. The Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity (LISTER) on Blue Ghost Mission 1 to Mare Crisium. I. Pneumatic Excavation of Regolith. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ae0465
Paper [8] measures temperatures across multiple depths in the lunar regolith, demonstrating depth-dependent variations.
Panli Tang, Yongjiu Feng, Shurui Chen, Zhenkun Lei, Rong Wang, Yi Zhou, Rong Huang, Xiong Xu, Zhen Ye, Huan Xie, X. Tong. Simulation of Subsurface Physical Temperatures in Lunar Craters Using Solar Irradiance, Infrared and Microwave Data. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3580789
Paper [9] models subsurface physical temperatures across depths down to 2 meters, showing distinct thermal profiles rather than constant temperatures.
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