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the claim

Lunar subsurface temperatures remain constant at specific depths

the verdict
REFUTED
the evidence says no
Recorded sources
0 sources for · 4 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Lunar subsurface temperatures are not constant at specific depths; instead, thermal profiles vary with depth, latitude, and local environmental conditions.

The analysis

The claim states that lunar subsurface temperatures remain constant at specific depths. However, multiple lunar thermal studies and in situ measurements (Papers 0, 7, 8, and 9) demonstrate that subsurface temperatures vary with depth due to geothermal gradients, solar irradiance, and diurnal/seasonal thermal waves. Therefore, the claim is refuted by the literature.

Evidence against · 4
Recorded source metadata

R. C. Little, W. C. Feldman, S. Maurice, I. Genetay, D. J. Lawrence, S. L. Lawson, O. Gasnault, B. L. Barraclough, R. C. Elphic, T. H. Prettyman, A. B. Binder. Latitude variation of the subsurface lunar temperature: Lunar Prospector thermal neutrons. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001je001497

Paper [0] discusses how lunar subsurface temperature profiles vary with latitude and depth rather than remaining constant.

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More against · 3
Recorded source metadata

Xiao X, Yu S, Huang J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xiao L. Thermophysical properties of the regolith on the lunar far side revealed by the <i>in situ</i> temperature probing of the Chang'E-4 mission.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwac175

Paper [7] provides in situ temperature measurements showing variations through the lunar regolith depth.

Recorded source metadata

S. Nagihara, K. Zacny, P. Ngo, L. Sanasarian, R. Misra, M. Zasadzien, V. Sanigepalli, M. Schmitt, A. Wang, C. Ladd, A. Shmavonian, P. Ng, Y. Hwang, W. Garcia, J. Knorr, R. Tuanuma, T. Thomas, H. Jung, X. Estey, T. Colenbrander, X. Fries, J. Emery, N. Jeevanjee, C. Castle, N. Sadagopan, T. Heiman, E. Killian, N. Steele, Y. Matsuyama, G. Paulsen, M. Grott, J. Knollenberg, T. Hudson, S. Smrekar, M. Siegler. The Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity (LISTER) on Blue Ghost Mission 1 to Mare Crisium. I. Pneumatic Excavation of Regolith. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ae0465

Paper [8] measures temperatures across multiple depths in the lunar regolith, demonstrating depth-dependent variations.

Recorded source metadata

Panli Tang, Yongjiu Feng, Shurui Chen, Zhenkun Lei, Rong Wang, Yi Zhou, Rong Huang, Xiong Xu, Zhen Ye, Huan Xie, X. Tong. Simulation of Subsurface Physical Temperatures in Lunar Craters Using Solar Irradiance, Infrared and Microwave Data. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3580789

Paper [9] models subsurface physical temperatures across depths down to 2 meters, showing distinct thermal profiles rather than constant temperatures.

The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked01 Aug 2026
judged → REFUTED · 801 Aug 2026
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