Lopinavir inhibition of protease differs between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV
the verdict
INSUFFICIENT LEANING
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the weight of evidence
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The available literature evaluates lopinavir binding or inhibition regarding either SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV individually, but does not provide a direct comparative analysis between the two viral proteases.
The spread of SARS CoV 2 across the globe rushed the scientific community to find out the potential inhibitor for controlling the viral disease. The main protease (Mpro) or Chymotrypsin protease (3CLpro) is involved in the cleavage of polyproteins, duplication of intracellular materials and release of nonstructural proteins. Cys-His catalytic dyad is located in the SARS-CoV Mpro which is the substrate-binding site located in domains I and II. There are many approved drugs that have their active protease inhibition capability. The targeting of the active site of the main protease is the better option to fight against the viral population. Lopinavir, ritonavir, Remdesivir and Chloroquine are some of the drug candidates considered to be involved in the treatment of SARS CoV 2 under emergency situation as a trial basis. In the present investigation we used lopinavir as a drug to bind the catalytic dyad His41, Cys145 of main protease. The minimum binding of energy of -11.45 kcal/mol observed with the binding of Cys145 and -10.93 kcal/mol was noted with the residue His41. The inhibition constant was also found to be relevant to the binding efficiency of the drug. This is considered to be a model drug target which is initiating the finding of many new drugs to target the current outbreak created by the virus SARS.CoV - 2.
Lopinavir, classified in the drug group of protease inhibitors, is utilized for the treatment of patients affected prolongedly with HIV-1. The mechanism by which Lopinavir acts is blocking the main protease of SARS-CoV-1, resulting in inhibition of viral replication. Real-world information supporting the treatment of COVID-19 with LPV/r keep coming out. Others have discovered that LPV/r has an anti-SARS-CoV effect within both in-vitro settings and clinical studies. In disclosed results of Young and colleagues' research on COVID-19 patients in Singapore, 5 cases received LPV/r monotherapy. Among those 5 patients, 3 had decrease in oxygen requirements after treatment, while the other 2 had their conditions worsened to the point of respiratory failure. Other published evaluations from Korea and China made up of a total of 6 patients, show reduced viral load, and clinical improvement after onset of LPV/r treatment. Latterly, Cao and colleagues illustrated the results of comparing twice a day use of LPV/r 400/100 mg to standard care, for treating the pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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