The properties of the Li4 and Na 4 clusters are determined utilizing ab initio CI methods. The rhombic and bent square geometries of these alkalai metal clusters are predicted to be the most stable arrangements for the singlet and triplet states respectively. More symmetrical planar square and tetrahedron Li4 and Na4 clusters exhibit pronounced biradical features and are therefore highly unstable. The conjecture is made that the biradical character of some cluster arrangements might be connected with the catalytic activity of geometric irregularities in the surface of catalysator.
Aqueous solutions of lithium uranyl triperoxide, Li 4 [UO 2 (O 2 ) 3 ] (LiUT), were irradiated with gamma rays at room temperature and found to form the uranyl peroxide cage cluster, Li 24 [(UO 2 )(O 2 )(OH)] 24 (Li–U 24 ). Raman spectroscopy and 18 O labeling were used to identify the Raman-active vibrations of LiUT. With these assignments, the concentration of LiUT was tracked as a function of radiation dose. A discrepancy between monomer removal and cluster formation suggests that the reaction proceeds by the assembly of an intermediate. Non-negative matrix factorization was used to separate Raman spectra into components and resulted in the identification of a unique intermediate species. Much of the conversion appears to be driven by water radiolysis products, particularly the hydroxyl radical. Furthermore, this differs from the 18 O-labeled copper-catalyzed formation of U 24 , which progresses at a steady rate with no observation of intermediates. Li–U 24 in solution decomposes at high radiation doses resulting in a solid insoluble product similar to Na-compreignacite, Na 2 (UO 2 ) 6 O 4 (OH) 6 ·7H 2 O, which contains uranyl oxyhydroxy sheets.
Properties of small lithium clusters with sizes ranging from n = 1 to 5 atoms were investigated using quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. Cluster geometries were found from complete active space self consistent field (CASSCF) calculations. A detailed development of the QMC method leading to the variational QMC (V-QMC) and diffusion QMC (D-QMC) methods is shown. The many-body aspect of electron correlation is introduced into the QMC importance sampling electron-electron correlation functions by using density dependent parameters, and are shown to increase the amount of correlation energy obtained in V-QMC calculations. A detailed analysis of D-QMC time-step bias is made and is found to be at least linear with respect to the time-step. The D-QMC calculations determined the lithium cluster ionization potentials to be 0.1982(14) (0.1981), 0.1895(9) (0.1874(4)), 0.1530(34) (0.1599(73)), 0.1664(37) (0.1724(110)), 0.1613(43) (0.1675(110)) Hartrees for lithium clusters n = 1 through 5, respectively; in good agreement with experimental results shown in the brackets. Also, the binding energies per atom was computed to be 0.0177(8) (0.0203(12)), 0.0188(10) (0.0220(21)), 0.0247(8) (0.0310(12)), 0.0253(8) (0.0351(8)) Hartrees for lithium clusters n = 2 through 5, respectively. The lithium cluster one-electron density is shown to have charge concentrations corresponding to nonnuclear attractors. The overall shape of the electronic charge density also bears a remarkable similarity with the a
Properties of small lithium clusters with sizes ranging from n = 1 to 5 atoms were investigated using quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. Cluster geometries were found from complete active space self consistent field (CASSCF) calculations. A detailed development of the QMC method leading to the variational QMC (V-QMC) and diffusion QMC (D-QMC) methods is shown. The many-body aspect of electron correlation is introduced into the QMC importance sampling electron-electron correlation functions by using density dependent parameters, and are shown to increase the amount of correlation energy obtained in V-QMC calculations. A detailed analysis of D-QMC time-step bias is made and is found to be at least linear with respect to the time-step. The D-QMC calculations determined the lithium cluster ionization potentials to be 0.1982(14) [0.1981], 0.1895(9) [0.1874(4)], 0.1530(34) [0.1599(73)], 0.1664(37) [0.1724(110)], 0.1613(43) [0.1675(110)] Hartrees for lithium clusters n = 1 through 5, respectively; in good agreement with experimental results shown in the brackets. Also, the binding energies per atom was computed to be 0.0177(8) [0.0203(12)], 0.0188(10) [0.0220(21)], 0.0247(8) [0.0310(12)], 0.0253(8) [0.0351(8)] Hartrees for lithium clusters n = 2 through 5, respectively. The lithium cluster one-electron density is shown to have charge concentrations corresponding to nonnuclear attractors. The overall shape of the electronic charge density also bears a remarkable similarity with the a
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