... individual's freedom under such govern- ment , " lawful freedom " , is not merely the freedom to pursue one's own ends as one sees fit , subject to the conditions of law . It also involves being one's own master ... requires a representative ... Die fünf Bände enthalten die überarbeiteten Fassungen aller Haupt- und Sektionsvorträge des IX. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses, der im März 2000 an der Berliner Humboldt-Universität stattfand. Die Beiträge gliedern sich in die folgenden Sektionen: Der vorkritische Kant, Kants Theoretische Philosophie, Kants Praktische Philosophie, Kants Ästhetik, Kants Religionsphilosophie, Kants Geschichtsphilosophie, Kants Rechts-, Staats- und Politische Philosophie, Kants Anthropologie, Kants Naturphilosophie und das Opus postumum, Kants Logik, Kant und die Aufklärung, Kant, Deutscher Idealismus und Neukantianismus, Kant und die Folgen. Zu den Autoren zählen u.a. Manfred Baum, Mario Caimi, Konrad Cramer, Jean Ferrari, Eckhardt Förster, Michael Friedman, Simone Goyard-Fabre, Paul Guyer, Gary Hatfield, A

This article examines the foundation of moral principles in Kant’s philosophy. It argues that within Kant’s ethical framework, moral principles are not derived from empirical observation or contingent circumstances but from the a priori universality and necessity of reason. Central to this system is the categorical imperative—Kant’s supreme principle of morality—which requires that moral actions must be willed as if they could become universal law. Accordingly, I argued that in Kant’s moral philosophy, true freedom constitutes not merely the absence of external constraints but the positive capacity to act according to reason. This conception of rational autonomy underpins Kant’s principle of equality. As every individual possessing this same capacity is inherently equal in moral worth. Similarly, respect for persons fundamentally entails respect for the moral law itself since recognising human dignity involves acknowledging each individual’s capacity for rational self-legislation. The exploration of the universality of moral principles in Kant’s moral philosophy, on the one hand, provides a robust and enduring framework for understanding freedom, equality and justice as interdependent elements of a rational moral system; on the other hand, it demonstrates how this universality remains critically relevant for addresing contemporary moral dilemmas.

authority to determine and enforce the rules and policies that govern their lives. When an individual makes ... contributed more than any other to our understanding of autonomy . Kant , they note, stresses the deep differences ... have led some to conclude that we are bound to come up empty-handed as long as we think of an agent’s identification ...