Infants retain memories starting from a specific age
Multiple studies demonstrate that infants are capable of retaining various forms of memory beginning at specific developmental stages, ranging from birth through early infancy.
The retrieved literature consistently supports the claim that infants retain memories starting from specific, identifiable ages (e.g., newborn verbal memory, 3-month-old behavioral retention, and age-specific emergence of spatial and episodic-like memory systems). None of the papers refute the timeline of early memory development.
Lillian Behm, Nicholas B. Turk-Browne, Melissa M. Kibbe. The ubiquity of episodic-like memory during infancy.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2025.04.003
Paper [0] reviews evidence demonstrating that infants possess episodic-like memory capabilities from early in infancy.
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Ryo Fujihira, G. Taga. Dynamical systems model of embodied memory in early human infancy.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000544
Paper [4] shows that infants at three months of age can retain behavioral experiences and memories over extended periods.
E. Visibelli, A. Fló, Eugenio Baraldi, S. Benavides-Varela. Verbal Episodic Processing in Newborns. 2026. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.109096
Paper [5] indicates that newborns can form verbal memories and recognize familiar auditory stimuli starting right from birth.
Tallie Z Baram, Flavio Donato, Gregory L Holmes. Construction and disruption of spatial memory networks during development.. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.049239.118
Paper [8] explains that specific types of spatial memory emerge in children in an age-dependent and stage-like developmental manner.
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