Inducing retrograde ejaculation is harmful to health
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refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
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Peer-reviewed medical literature reports that retrograde ejaculation is psychologically distressing and can cause male infertility, establishing that it is harmful to reproductive health.
Several drugs, currently used to treat lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can be associated with bothersome sexual side effects, including ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD). To provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting the impact of medical treatments for LUTS due to BPH on ejaculatory function. EjD related to medical treatments for LUTS. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. EjD was identified using both free text ("ejaculat*," "retrograde ejaculation," "anejaculation," "ejaculatory dysfunction") and Mesh ("Ejaculation") searches. Of 101 retrieved articles, 23 were included in the present meta-analysis. EjD was significantly more common with alpha-blockers (ABs) than with placebo (OR:5.88; P < 0.0001), in particular, considering Tamsulosin (OR:8.58; P = 0.006) or Silodosin (OR:32.5; P < 0.0001), with Tamsulosin associated with significantly lower risk of EjD than Silodosin (OR:0.09; P < 0.00001). Conversely, Doxazosin and Terazosin were associated with a risk similar to placebo. Meta-regression showed that EjD was associated with IPSS and with Qmax both before and after treatment with ABs, while multivariate analysis demonstrated that EjD was independently associated with the improvement of IPSS (adj.r:0.2012; P < 0.0001) and Qmax (adj.r:0.522; P < 0.0001). EjD was significantly more common with 5ARIs as compared with placebo (OR:2.73; P < 0.0001). Both Finasteride (OR 2.70; P < 0.0001) and Dutasteride (OR 2.81; P = 0.0002) were associated with significantly higher risk of EjD than placebo. EjD was significantly more common with combination therapy as compared with ABs alone (OR:3.75; P < 0.0001),or with 5ARIs alone (OR:2.76; P = 0.02). ABs and 5ARI were both associated with significantly higher risk of EjD than placebo. More the AB is effective over time, greater is the incidence of EjD. Finasteride has the same risk of Dutasteride to cause EjD. Combination therapy with ABs and 5ARIs resulted in a 3-fold increased risk of EjD as compared with ABs or 5ARIs alone. These data can be relevant both for drug selection and patients counseling.
Ejaculatory dysfunction is not only psychologically distressing but can become a significant obstacle for men who wish to conceive. Dysfunction comes in the form of anejaculation, reduced ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, painful ejaculation, or premature ejaculation. Most treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia, which commonly occurs in aging men, carry significant risks of absent, reduced, or retrograde ejaculation. This review focuses on such risks that accompany both the medical and surgical management of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia and how these risks impact male fertility.
due to deficiencies in the semen, and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity. Male infertility may also be due to retrograde ejaculation
In biology, infertility is the inability of a male and female organism to reproduce. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy organism that has reached sexual maturity. As a medical term, infertility does not apply before and after the normal period of natural, age-dependent reproductive function: in children before puberty, or in women after menopause.
In humans, infertility is defined as
In biology, infertility is the inability of a male and female organism to reproduce. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy organism that has reached sexual maturity. As a medical term, infertility does not apply before and after the normal period of natural, age-dependent reproductive function: in children before puberty, or in women after menopause.
In humans, infertility is defined as the inability to become pregnant after at least one year of unprotected and regular sexual intercourse involving a male and female partner. There are many causes of infertility, including some that medical intervention can treat. Estimates from 1997, suggest that worldwide about five percent of all heterosexual couples have an unresolved problem with infertility. That figure has been on the rise, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting in 2023 that about 17.5% of people experience infertility during their lifetime, while prevalence at a given time point is 12.6%. Many more couples, however, experience involuntary childlessness for at least one year, with estimates ranging from 12% to 28%.
Male infertility is responsible for 20–30% of infertility cases, while 20–35% are due to female infertility, and 25–40% are due to combined problems in both partners. In 10–20% of cases, no cause is found.
The most common causes of female infertility are hormonal in nature, including low estrogen, imbalanced GnRH secretion, PCOS, and aging, which generally manifests in sparse or absent menstrual periods leading up to menopause. As women age, the number of ovarian follicles and oocytes (eggs) decline, leading to a reduced ovarian reserve. Some women undergo primary ovarian insufficiency (also known as premature menopause) or the loss of ovarian function before age 40, leading to infertility. 85% of infertile couples have an identifiable cause, and 15% is designated unexplained infertility. Of the 85% of identified infertility, 25% is due to disordered ovulation (of which 70% of the cases are due to polycystic ovarian syndrome). Tubal infertility (structural issues with the fallopian tubes) is responsible for 11–67% of infertility in women of childbearing age, with the large…
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