Individuals with Down syndrome exhibit a lower incidence of certain solid tumors

Kwadwo Fosu, Jude Tetteh Quarshie, Kwabena Amofa Nketia Sarpong, Anastasia Rosebud Aikins. Inverse Comorbidity between Down Syndrome and Solid Tumors: Insights from In Silico Analyses of Down Syndrome Critical Region Genes. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14040800

Discusses the inverse comorbidity between Down syndrome and solid tumors like breast and lung cancers, attributing it to chromosome 21 critical region genes.

E. Taherifard, E. Taherifard, É. Bouffet, Daniel Satgé, M. Abdelbaki. Solid Tumor Incidence and Patterns in Individuals With Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31775

Establishes that individuals with Down syndrome exhibit a distinct pattern of solid tumor occurrence compared to the general population.

Alexandra Wachtmeister, B. Bang, Ida Nordgren, A. Martling, Bertil Johansson, Yunxia Lu, Anna Skarin Nordenvall, Giorgio Tettamanti, Ann Nordgren. Lifetime risk of solid tumors and leukemia in Down Syndrome: a population-based Swedish matched cohort study. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-025-03318-5

A Swedish population-based cohort study demonstrates that individuals with Down syndrome have a significantly lower overall risk of solid tumors in adulthood.

I. G. Medeiros, Francylene Malheiros Macedo da Cunha Rego. Vulnerability and Protection: Integrative Literature Review on the Contrasting Risk of Leukemias and Solid Tumors in Down Syndrome. 2026. https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2026v72n1.5334en

An integrative literature review concludes that Down syndrome confers protection against solid neoplasms, noting low standardized incidence ratios for several solid tumor types.

G. V. Aguas, Evelyn Chua-Ley, Al-John Ahmad. CNSC-55. THE RARE INTERSECTION OF TRISOMY 21 AND GLIOBLASTOMA IDH WILD-TYPE: A CASE REPORT. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaf201.0263

Notes that primary solid brain tumors, including glioblastomas, are rare in persons with Down syndrome, who are typically less predisposed to these cancers.