Individuals can be reinfected with the same strain of a virus.
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
confidence 84/100
Multiple clinical and epidemiological studies confirm that individuals can experience reinfection with viral strains, often facilitated by waning host immunity or pathogen evolution.
Evidence for · 5
<i>Clostridioides difficile</i>Whole-genome Sequencing Differentiates Relapse With the Same Strain From Reinfection With a New Strain
2020 · cited by 28
Whole-genome sequencing differentiated patient relapse from reinfection with the same or new strains.
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More for · 4
Dynamics of a dual SARS-CoV-2 strain co-infection on a prolonged viral shedding COVID-19 case: insights into clinical severity and disease duration
2020 · cited by 4
Discusses molecularly proven cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and multi-strain dynamics.
Interferons and tuft cell numbers are bottlenecks for persistent murine norovirus infection
2024 · cited by 4
Demonstrates that persistent viral infection involves a series of reinfection events over time.
Evolutionary dynamics analysis of virulence in viral infectious disease co-infection model
2025 · cited by 0
Formulates transmission models that incorporate reinfection mechanisms for viral infectious diseases.
Waning immunity drives respiratory virus evolution and reinfection.
2024 · cited by 0
Explains how waning immunity and antigenic variation drive reinfections with respiratory viruses.