Individuals can be reinfected with COVID-19 multiple times

the verdict

SUPPORTED

the evidence backs this

Recorded sources

3 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Multiple clinical and epidemiological studies confirm that individuals can contract COVID-19 multiple times due to waning immunity and the emergence of new viral variants.

The analysis

The claim is specific, empirical, and falsifiable. Retrieved studies directly document cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in population cohorts, healthcare workers, and long-term serological studies, supporting the position that individuals can be reinfected multiple times.

Evidence for · 3

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection 18 Months After Primary Infection: Population-Level Observational Study

Recorded source metadata

M. E. Flacco, G. Soldato, C. Martellucci, G. Di Martino, R. Carota, A. Caponetti, L. Manzoli. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection 18 Months After Primary Infection: Population-Level Observational Study. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.884121

The study documented multiple COVID-19 reinfections in a large population cohort over an extended follow-up period.

Source citation format

See more details

More for · 2

Reinfection-Driven Accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: A 36-Month Longitudinal Study in Austrian Blood Donors.

Recorded source metadata

Kartal O, Hoeggerl AD, Lauth W, Weidner L, Badstuber N, Grabmer C, Jungbauer C, Nunhofer V, Neureiter H, Held N, Ortner T, Rohde E, Laner-Plamberger S. Reinfection-Driven Accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: A 36-Month Longitudinal Study in Austrian Blood Donors.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16020195

Longitudinal serological tracking in blood donors revealed that 97% of participants experienced at least one reinfection over a 36-month period.

Source citation format

Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Iran.

Recorded source metadata

Karimi Y, Abdollahi A, Ahmadi SAY, Riahi T, Kalantari S, Nafissi N, Shokri S, Baradaran HR, Goodarzi A. Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Iran.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70355

Retrospective data among healthcare workers confirmed multiple episodes of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Source citation format

The paper trail · every fact has a biography

first checked01 Aug 2026

judged → SUPPORTED · 8601 Aug 2026

More receipts

Is it true that Phonological evolution involves regular processes of phoneme elision, vowel nasalization, and tonogenesis?Is it true that Hemangiomas are treatable with medication?Is it true that Research identifies forms of intelligence that diverge from standard IQ measures?

Random receipt →The Trust Wiki →

Anyone with this link can read the claim and its public receipt, including any personal information in that text. Open permanent receipt.

Check your own claim

Challenge the receipt

I have a source that contradicts this verdict I have a source that supports it No source: request a receipt review Requests are recorded for review. This does not start an automatic check or guarantee a response time.

trust me, bro: win the argument, pass the class, survive peer review.

Citation formatting by citeproc-js (Frank Bennett) and the Citation Style Language project. Source and licenses.

This receipt is an automated verdict against our published method · not an opinion about any author or publication.
Terms · Privacy · How verdicts work · Dispute this receipt