Individual mammal hairs absorb water into their structure
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Peer-reviewed scientific literature demonstrates that individual mammal hairs absorb water and moisture into their internal structural components, such as the cuticle, cortex, and medulla.
Temporal and spatial visualization of water uptake into human hair studied by infrared microscopy - PubMed
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## Abstract
Real-time examination of water behavior in cuticle, cortex, and medulla of untreated and bleached hair was performed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy. Penetration of heavy water from the cuticle to the medulla was visualized and quantified by monitoring the O-D stretching band located at 2500 cm-1. The medulla of untreated hair had a significantly higher peak O-D intensity from 20 min after the heavy water penetration to 20 min after drying than that of bleached hair. Furthermore, heavy water evaporated 1 h slower in untreated hair than in bleached hair in any part. These differences may be due to the increase of S=O stretching of sulfonic acid caused to breaking of the disulfide and thioester bonds by bleach treatment. The method proposed in this study revealed potential application in visualizing and quantifying real-time water behavior in hair.
Keywords: Bleached; Hair; Heavy water; Infrared microscopy; Sulfonic acid; Visualization.
## References
1. C. Trowbridge, S
New insights into hair compartments swelling via atomic force microscopy and dynamic vapour sorption
## Abstract in English, French
Objective: Preliminary investigations into the swelling of human hair upon absorbing moisture have been performed to better understand the roles of the various hair morphological subcompartments and their response to moisture.
Methods: The isotherms of moisture sorption exhibited by hair were recorded via Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS) for separated cuticle and for cortex. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging and nanoindentation were used to follow the changes in measured distances on the same areas of cuticle layers and cortex cells from a single fibre cross section, and to evaluate the change in these distances with changes in relative humidity.
Results: The data acquired by DVS moisture sorption and by AFM for the various morphological components of the hair fibre allowed for the evaluation of their swelling. The values were then used for estimating the cross-linking density of each morphological component. A relationship between the mechanics of the cortex and the cuticle of the fibre and their cross-linking density values was found to follow l
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Adsorption and Swelling Isotherms of Human Hair in Water Vapor - Howard J. White, Paul B. Stam, 1949
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Textile Research Journal
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## Abstract
Quantitative data on the length and diameter changes accompanying the adsorption of water by human hair are given as functions of the relative humidity. Data are also given on the effects of a load on the swelling isotherms. A theoretical treatment is proposed which accounts in a semi-quantitative way for the swelling isotherms and the effects of tension as well as for the adsorption isotherm.
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## References
Barkas, W.W., Forest Products Laboratory, Special Report No. 6, H. M. S. O. (1945).
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Barkas, W.W., "Symposium on Swelling and Shrinking," Trans. Faraday Soc., 42 Suppl., 137 (1946).
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Barrer, R.M., Soc. Dyers and Colourists, "Fibrous Proteins," May, 1946, p. 93.
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Brunauer, S., "The Adsorption of Gases and Vapors," Vol. I, Princeton, N
Scientific Reports | 6:26393 | DOI: 10.1038/srep26393 1
www.nature.com/scientificreports
Animal Hairs as Water-stimulated
Shape Memory Materials:
Mechanism and Structural
Networks in Molecular Assemblies
XueliangXiao1,2 & Jinlian Hu2
Animal hairs consisting of α-keratin biopolymers existing broadly in nature may be responsive to water
for recovery to the innate shape from their fixed deformation, thus possess smart behavior, namely
shape memory effect (SME). In this article, three typical animal hair fibers were first time investigated
for their water-stimulated SME, and therefrom to identify the corresponding net-points and switches
in their molecular and morphological structures. Experimentally, the SME manifested a good
stability of high shape fixation ratio and reasonable recovery rate after many cycles of deformation
programming under water stimulation. The effects of hydration on hair lateral size, recovery kinetics,
dynamic mechanical behaviors and structural components (crystal, disulfide and hydrogen bonds) were
then systematically studied. SME mechanisms were explored based on the variations of structural
components in molecular assemblies of such smart fibers
Animal Hairs as Water-stimulated Shape Memory Materials: Mechanism and Structural Networks in Molecular Assemblies | Scientific Reports
### Subjects
- Biomaterials – proteins
- Deformation dynamics
## Abstract
Animal hairs consisting of α-keratin biopolymers existing broadly in nature may be responsive to water for recovery to the innate shape from their fixed deformation, thus possess smart behavior, namely shape memory effect (SME). In this article, three typical animal hair fibers were first time investigated for their water-stimulated SME, and therefrom to identify the corresponding net-points and switches in their molecular and morphological structures. Experimentally, the SME manifested a good stability of high shape fixation ratio and reasonable recovery rate after many cycles of deformation programming under water stimulation. The effects of hydration on hair lateral size, recovery kinetics, dynamic mechanical behaviors and structural components (crystal, disulfide and hydrogen bonds) were then systematically studied. SME mechanisms were explored based on the variations of structural components in molecular assemblies of such smart fibers. A hybrid structural network mo
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