Geochemical and seismic studies consistently support the geological model of Iceland as a hot spot directly influenced by a deep mantle plume.
The provided literature consistently discusses the Iceland hotspot and mantle plume in the context of geochemistry and seismic tomography. Papers 0 and 1 debate the fine details of plume components (such as whether a depleted plume component exists), but both accept the fundamental premise that Iceland sits atop a mantle plume. Papers 2 and 11 provide seismic evidence regarding the mantle structure and upwelling associated with the Iceland plume. Papers 3 through 10 discuss other geographical regions or distinct geological structures (such as Louisville, Hawaii, Hainan, Alaska, Sumatra, and Ordos) and are therefore tangential. The overall balance strongly supports the claim.