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the claim
Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is covalently bonded to highly electronegative atoms.
the verdict
COMMON KNOWLEDGE
no citation needed for this one
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
no sources on either side

This statement is a well-established foundational definition of hydrogen bonding in chemistry and represents common knowledge, requiring no citation.

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The analysis

The claim states that hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is covalently bonded to highly electronegative atoms (such as N, O, or F). This is a standard definition found in introductory chemistry and standard scientific nomenclature, making it common knowledge. Although several retrieved papers discuss hydrogen bonding characteristics, definitions, or donor-acceptor properties (e.g., papers 4 and 7), truisms and definitional statements do not require empirical citations or receipts.

Everything we examined (12)
We also searched for evidence AGAINST this claim, not only for it.
  1. Neural-network-based molecular dynamics simulations reveal that proton transport in water is doubly gated by sequential hydrogen-bond exchangepeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  2. Oligoether Chain Engineering in Covalent Organic Frameworks: Enhancing Transport Pathways and Oxygen Reduction Activity for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  3. Manipulating Hydrogen-Bonding Donor/Acceptor in Ultra-Robust Isoreticular Zr(IV) Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Regulation of Water Sorption Inflection Point and Steepness.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  4. Selective host–guest interactions in metal–organic frameworks via multiple hydrogen bond donor–acceptor recognition sitespeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  5. Hydrogen Bond Strengthens Acceptor Group: The Curious Case of the C–H···O=C Bondpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  6. Lignocellulosic Films: Preparation, Properties, and Applications.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  7. S-H···O Hydrogen Bond Can Win over O-H···S Hydrogen Bond: Gas-Phase Spectroscopy of 2-Fluorothiophenol···H2O Complex.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  8. Naming Matters: Hydridic Hydrogen Atoms are Halogen, Chalcogen, and Pnictogen Bond Acceptors not “Hydridic Hydrogen Bond” Donorspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  9. Quantum Alchemy Based Bonding Trends and Their Link to Hammett's Equation and Pauling's Electronegativity Model.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  10. Ti3C2Tx MXene modification using silicane or quaternary ammonium salt via covalent bonding or interaction for high‐performance compositespeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  11. A Molecular Orbital Study on the Effects of Excess Charges at the Donor and Acceptor Atoms on the Hydrogen Bondpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  12. Single Crystals of Vanadium Oxides as a Lens for Understanding Structural and Electronic Phase Transformations, Ion Transport, Chemo-Mechanical Coupling, and Electrothermal Neuronal Emulation.peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked05 Aug 2026
judged → COMMON KNOWLEDGE · 9505 Aug 2026
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