The purpose of the paper is to determine the status and areas of improvement of state policy to support the development of green technologies in construction. Methodology. This review is based on the characteristics of individual areas of implementation of green technologies in construction. Possibilities of using renewable sources in the process of construction and operation of buildings are considered. It is established that different methods of energy production are used in energy efficient houses. These include photovoltaic solar panels, heat pumps, photothermal collectors, geothermal waters, mini hydroelectric power plants. It is emphasized that the energy consumption of such buildings should also be reduced; for the reason of special architectural design solutions, the energy-efficient materials with high thermal insulation properties are used. The peculiarities of the policy of stimulating the increase of energy efficiency of buildings in Ukraine are considered, the conclusion on its insufficient efficiency is given. The reason for ineffectiveness of the incentive policy is figured out. The directions for reduction of air and water pollution by filtration and use of rain and melt water for household needs are considered. It is established that the active implementation of innovation is impossible mainly due to obsolete housing and worn-out utilities. Eco-design is also used to increase energy efficiency in construction and architects must actively use passive and activ
Slovenia is a Central European country with a long history of hydropower. This paper gives a brief introduction to the current status of hydropower utilization and informs about some selected successful examples of hydropower plant operation. One such example is fish passage and flood risk reduction on the lower reaches of the Sava River at the Brežice hydroelectric power plant, taking into account a complex of morphological, hydrological, hydraulic, and anthropogenic factors. Future development is considered against the background of the National Energy and Climate Plan, which does not envisage any significant expansion in the capacity or function of the hydropower sector. The envisaged capacity increase is from the current 4430 GWh to around 4580 GWh by 2030. It is shown that the current energy storage capacity of Slovenia’s only pumped storage plant will be sufficient to offset the introduction of new non-dispatchable renewable energy sources by 2030. By around 2028, the country will have a need for electrical energy storage from renewable energy sources, reaching a modest total of only 6140 MWh per year. However, by sticking to the unambitious National Energy and Climate Plan, Slovenia will miss the opportunity to remain self-sufficient in electricity generation and significantly increase its share of renewable energy sources. The National Energy and Climate Plan aims to increase the share of renewable energy in total energy generation from 25% in 2020 to 27% by 2030.
Abstract Background Energy is the main requirement for economic growth in any country and supports the modern economy. The energy sector is considered a vital element in developing countries because it meets energy needs. This article addresses the production of electricity using small hydroelectric power plants for rural applications. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential of the Ribb dam for small hydroelectric plants. The flow is very important for the production of hydroelectricity as the height of a proposed site is constant and the available flow is very variable. Result The flow duration curve is constant and it will vary from 20 to 50% from the nominal flow. Further, it will decrease when the percentage of the nominal flow increases. The best size of a small hydroelectric plant producing a maximum of electricity in the context of future projected flows in the study region. Further, the Ribb dam concluded that the average flow of 14.6331 m3/s, the smooth head of 70.37 m, and the average nominal power of 5.53 MW. Conclusion Small hydro system (SHP) is a promising alternative for the production of cheap and renewable energy in rural or developing areas.
In meeting electricity needs, there is currently a shift in the use of fossil energy to water energy because fossil energy is no longer available. The use of water as a new renewable energy, as stated in the Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL), which prioritizes Hydroelectric Power Plants (PLTA), is considered to require lower investment and stable electricity production compared to Solar Power Plants (PLTS) or Wind Power Plants (PLTB). Providing this water requires conservation costs and other water management costs. So the main topic studied in this research is the problems and impacts of the imposition of water fees including Natural Resource Management Services Fees (BJPSDA) and Surface Water Tax (PAP) on water resource conservation. The research used is explanatory doctrinal research using document studies. The results of the research are that apart from the BJPSDA, there is a PAP which has not been subject to earmarking. Both are regulated in different regulations but are imposed on the same object, namely water. Based on the analysis, it is necessary to evaluate how the implementation of the fee has been able to fulfill the community's rights to water and can maintain the sustainability of water availability through water resource conservation. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the imposition of double levies on surface water beneficiaries by changing the BJPSDA manager to a party who has a greater interest in water conservation results and applying the PAP
The world's attention is focused on the anthropogenic component of climate change. The energy sector (77.9%) makes a significant contribution to these changes. Russia, has natural gas, oil and coal as a source of energy production, while the issue of using low-carbon resource base, application of new technologies of carbon capture and utilization, use of renewable energy sources remains relevant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the carbon footprint of generating enterprises and various energy sources, and to determine the way of development of the use of low-carbon sources, such as nuclear power plants and hydroelectric power plants, the application of new technologies in the heating system, refrigerant utilization technologies, secondary energy resources, etc. Results: The carbon footprint of the energy sector has been considered for Scope 1 and Scope 2. The analysis of the carbon footprint of generating enterprises (Scope 1) showed that the largest contribution is made by fossil fuel power plants with specific CO2 emission rates of 450-1000 g/kWh. Hydroelectric power plants belonging to the category of renewable energy power plants (RES) due to large total methane emissions from reservoirs are in the second place (24 g/kWh), ahead of nuclear power plants with specific emission rate of 12 g/kWh. Wind power plants (11 g/kWh) are close to nuclear power plants in terms of carbon neutrality. The ambiguous position of one of the leaders of green energy, solar power plants
Environmental pollution and rapid depletion are among the chief concerns about fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. Renewable energy sources do not suffer from such limitations and are considered the best choice to replace fossil fuels. The present study develops a mathematical model for optimal allocation of regional renewable energy to meet a country-wide demand and its other essential aspects. The ultimate purpose is to minimize the total cost by planning, including power plant construction and maintenance costs and transmission costs. Minimum-cost flow equations are embedded in the model to determine how regions can supply energy to other regions or rely on them to fulfill annual demand. In order to verify the applicability of the model, it is applied to a real-world case study of Iran to determine the optimal renewable energy generation-transmission decisions for the next decade. Results indicate that the hydroelectric and solar power plants should generate the majority of the generated renewable electricity within the country, according to the optimal solution. Moreover, regarding the significant population growth and waste generation in the country’s large cities, biomass power plants can have the opportunity to satisfy a remarkable portion of electricity demand.
Everything we examined (6)
This check searched the claim as stated. It did not run a separate search for evidence against it.