religion and Hindu religions," during the Epic and Early Puranic period (c. 200 BCE to 500 CE), when the Epics and the first Purānas were composed. This The history of Hinduism covers a wide variety of related religious traditions native to the Indian subcontinent. It overlaps or coincides with the development of religion in the Indian subcontinent since the Iron Age, with some of its elements possibly tracing back to prehistoric religions such as those of the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation. Hinduism has been called the "oldest religion" in Its liturgy is preserved in the three Vedic Samhitas: the Rigveda, Samaveda and the Yajurveda. The Vedic texts were the texts of the elite, and do not necessarily represent popular ideas or practices. Of these, the Rig-Veda is the oldest, a collection of hymns composed between c. 1500 and 1200 BCE. The other two add ceremonial detail for the performance of the actual sacrifice. The Atharvaveda may also contain compositions dating to before 1000 BCE. It contains material pertinent to domestic ritual and folk magic of the period. These texts, as well as the voluminous commentary on orthopraxy collected in the Brahmanas compiled during the early 1st millennium BCE, were transmitted by oral tradition alone until the advent, in the 4th century CE, of the Pallava and Gupta period and by a combination of written and oral tradition since then. The Hindu samskaras Brahmanism, also called Brahminism or Brahmanical Hinduism, developed out of the Vedic religion, incorporating non-Vedic religious ideas, and expanding to a region stretching from the northwest Indian subcontinent to the Ganges valley. Brahmanism included the Vedic corpus, but also post-Vedic texts such as the Dharmasutras and Dharmasastras, which gave prominence to the priestly (Brahmin) class of the society. The emphasis on ritual and the dominant position of Brahmins developed as an ideology developed in the Kuru-Pancala realm, and expanded into a wider realm after the demise of the Kuru-Pancala realm. It co-existed with local religions, such as the Yaksha cults. In Iron Age India, during a period roughly spanning the 10th to 6th centuries BCE, the Mahajanapadas arise from the earlier kingdoms of the various Indo-Aryan tribes, and the remnants of the Late Harappan culture. In this period the mantra portions of the Vedas are largely completed, and a flowering industry of Vedic priesthood organised in numerous schools (shakha) develops exegetical literature, viz. the Brahmanas. These schools also edited the Vedic mantra portions into fixed recensions, that were to be preserved purely by oral tradition over the following two millennia.

change, although—in line with the teachings of the Vedic scriptures— the atoms were thought to be created. Important ... several centuries before the common era. Two distinct systems that regard Vedic texts as authoritative, Nyāya ... through detachment from the unrealities of the experienced world, some Hindu philosophers responded by ...

D. BAIRD Religion in the Vedic Period 115 Religion in the Post-Vedic Period 136 Bhakti Movements … composed until the post-Vedic period (500-200 B.C.). The sacrifices of the Vedic cult did not … universally held in the Vedic age. Some of the au¬ thors of the Vedic hymns were Kshatriyas

"Shastra" commonly means a specific field of knowledge. In early Vedic literature, the word referred to any precept, rule, teaching, ritual instruction or direction.[1] In late and post Vedic literature of Hinduism, Shastra referred to any study, book or instrument of teaching, any manual or compilation of any subject in any field of knowledge, including religion. Tantra guna is Shastra Lakshana. The qualities of an ideal Shastra or study which would be received universally as a well documented standard reference are explained in Charak Samhita vimansthan as mentioned in Ayurveda.  The scientific paper has been developed over the last three centuries as a tool for communicating the results of scientific research. Scientific writing must be of a high standard, as it relates to the process of learning as well as new learners. In ancient times, a specific writing methodology was adopted by scientists to prepare standard and highly scientific historical documents in the field. Techniques such as Tantrayukti (Treat writing/decoding techniques), Tachchhilya (inclinations), Kalpana (compositions), etc. have been described in the classics to establish the quality requirements of research literature. Thanks to well-established writing methods, scientific mythology such as Samhita (Ayurvedic texts), Samgraha-grantha (compendia), Nighantu (lexicons), etc., has also been compiled universally and has produced some great quality literature. The Tantraguna refers to the key points of the writing, such as language, order, volume, form, etc. After reviewing and analyzing these Tantragunas, it can be concluded that the ancient writing method can be equated with certain alternatives to the current introduction, methods, results and discussion structure of scientific writing. This study can help to strengthen and reinforce the current standards of scientific writing by changing new aspects of the ancient writing system.

The spread of global Jihadist terrorism was brutally announced in the 2002 Bali bombings. The attacks marked a significant moment in the relationship between Australia and Bali. The bewilderment characterizing Balinese and Australian responses to the 2002 bombings is linked to processes of globalization and the ‘de-bordering’ of knowledge, most particularly as it resonates through locally constituted ‘ideology’, beliefs and identity. While for the Bali Hindu communities this cultural expressivity is located in Vedic mythology, rituals and principles, for many Australians it appears to be assoc

The Upanishads are known as one of the oldest philosophical texts in the world that form the foundation of Hindu philosophy. The Bhagavad Gita is the core text of Hindu philosophy and is known as a text that summarises the key philosophies of the Upanishads with a major focus on the philosophy of karma. These texts have been translated into many languages and there exist studies about themes and topics that are prominent; however, there is not much done using language models which are powered by deep learning. In this paper, we use advanced language models such as BERT to provide topic modelli

Vaiśeṣika among the Vedic schools along with Buddhists who of course impugn the “testimony” of the Veda reject ... controversy over the religious goal of life among the several schools, both among schools accepting Vedic culture ... source. Contra the privilege afforded the priestly caste in matters of Vedic interpretation, he says ...

The Vedas were handed down from mouth to mouth from a period of unknown antiquity; and the Hindus generally believed that they were never composed by

The fusion of mythology and ancient Indian medicine, particularly Ayurveda, is a fascinating synthesis of cultural heritage and scientific endeavor. Ayurveda encompasses a wide range of practices, including pharmacology, anatomy, physiology, surgery, and obstetrics, and integrates the rich tapestry of Hindu mythology, providing a comprehensive understanding of health and disease. The inclusion of mythological figures and narratives in the discourse of ancient Indian medicine offers a unique perspective on the integration of spiritual and empirical knowledge, highlighting the role of mythology in shaping the foundational principles of clinical medicine. The discourse explores the profound impact of Ayurveda and its mythological underpinnings on contemporary clinical practices, underscoring the timeless wisdom embedded in ancient narratives. These stories represent the bedrock of holistic medical practices, emphasizing the parity between mind, body, and spirit that is increasingly validated in modern therapeutic paradigms. The philosophy and methods detailed in the age-old texts of Sushruta and Charaka, coupled with the allegorical tales of Dhanvantari and Bharadwaja, contribute significantly to the foundational principles underpinning today's holistic medical approaches. The enduring legacy of Ayurveda and its mythological narratives continues to influence and inspire a holistic approach to health care, underscoring the indelible connection between ancient wisdom and modern medical practices.