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the claim
High mass ratios required for escape velocity make crewed spacecraft difficult to build
the verdict
SUPPORTED
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refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
3 sources for · 0 against

Historical and aerospace literature indicates that achieving escape velocity requires extreme mass ratios that present significant technical challenges and limit the practical feasibility of space vehicle development.

Evidence for · 3
2024 · cited by 4
After decades where human spaceflight missions have been reserved to low Earth orbit, recent years have seen mission proposals and even implemented plans, e.g. with the mission Artemis I, for returning to the lunar surface. SpaceX has published over various media (e.g., its official website, conference presentations, user manual) conceptual information for its reusable Starship to enable human exploration missions to the Martian surface by the end of the decade. The technological and human challenges associated with these plans are daunting. Such a mission at that distance would require excellent system reliability and in-situ-resource utilization on a grand scale, e.g. to produce propellant. The plans contain little details however and have not yet been reviewed concerning their feasibility. In this paper we show significant technological gaps in these plans. Based on estimates and extrapolated data, a mass model as needed to fulfill SpaceX's plans could not be reproduced and the subsequent trajectory optimization showed that the current plans do not yield a return flight opportunity, due to a too large system mass. Furthermore, significant gaps exist in relevant technologies, e.g. power supply for the Martian surface. It is unlikely that these gaps can be closed until the end of the decade. We recommend several remedies, e.g. stronger international participation to distribute technology development and thus improve feasibility. Overall, with the limited information published by SpaceX about its system and mission scenario and extrapolation from us to fill information gaps, we were not able to find a feasible Mars mission scenario using Starship, even when assuming optimal conditions such as 100% recovery rate of crew consumables during flight.
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The analysis

rails:sufficiency:supported:single_source:for=1+2p:against=0+0p | v55:sufficiency

More for · 2
1951 · cited by 0
This paper is an attempt to place in correct perspective the current considerable speculation regarding the problem of interplanetary travel. The concept and importance of “escape velocity” is dealt with first, and then the elementary mass-ratio equations for the motion of a space vehicle under various conditions are derived. Available energy sources are considered next, the operational parameter being jet velocity. It is indicated that the maximum jet velocity conceivably attainable with chemical fuels is of the order of 20,000 ft. per sec. Nuclear fuels are dealt with and it is shown that, while energy potentials are very high, the problem of practical utilization is formidable. A thermodynamic type of atomic rocket motor employing an inert reaction mass to absorb the fission energy is postulated, and it is demonstrated that the heat transfer and materials requirements present a problem of the first magnitude. The influence of propellent density on the performance characteristics of both chemical and atomic rockets is discussed, and it is shown that propellents giving high jet velocities may not necessarily be the best to use. Orders of magnitude for the mass ratios required for various interplanetary flights are established, and it is indicated that only an atomic drive will render them small enough to be attainable in practice. It is concluded that, unless nuclear energy can be suitably harnessed, economical space-travel will not be feasible.
2023 · cited by 0
The escape velocity of an object and the necessary supplied velocity to achieve it are calculated in this paper for several situations of the body, such as from rest, in free fall, and in orbit (several orbital cases are studied). This article clearly and concisely shows that escape velocity and supplied velocity are different magnitudes, as these concepts often cause confusion for students. To address this issue, different initial situations of the body that tries to escape are studied to show in the clearest and the most generic possible way the strategies to address escape problems without conceptual errors.
Everything we examined (3)
This check searched the claim as stated. It did not run a separate search for evidence against it.
  1. About feasibility of SpaceX's human exploration Mars mission scenario with Starship.peer-reviewedno side taken
  2. Fundamental Dynamics of Reaction-Powered Space Vehiclespeer-reviewedno side taken
  3. Escape velocity of a body and the delivered velocity required to achieve it in different situationspeer-reviewedno side taken
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