High fertility rates in Victorian times were driven by economic and social factors
Historical and demographic studies confirm that 19th-century fertility levels were heavily shaped by evolving economic conditions, modernization, and social diffusion.
Papers [1] and [4] focus specifically on 19th-century demographic transitions and confirm that fertility patterns during this period were tied to economic changes, modernization, and the diffusion of cultural norms. Other papers provide general context on socioeconomic determinants of fertility. The claim is well supported by historical demographic evidence.
Jacob A. Moorad. A demographic transition altered the strength of selection for fitness and age-specific survival and fertility in a 19th century American population. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12023
Analyzes the demographic transition and fertility patterns in a 19th-century population, linking economic and modernization factors to reproductive choices.
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Guillaume Daudin, Raphaël Franck, Hillel Rapoport, Hillel Rapoport. The Cultural Diffusion of the Fertility Transition: Evidence from Internal Migration in 19th Century France. 2016. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2778458
Examines how internal migration and cultural diffusion in 19th-century France drove the transition toward lower birth rates.
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