Hawking radiation originates just outside the event horizon of a black hole
The retrieved literature supports the foundational concept that Hawking radiation and particle creation originate in the immediate region surrounding a black hole's event horizon.
The claim specifies that Hawking radiation originates just outside the event horizon, which is the standard theoretical description where particle-antiparticle pairs are separated near the horizon, allowing positive energy to escape. The retrieved papers discuss quantum field effects, thermodynamics, and particle creation processes occurring at or near the event horizon of black holes, supporting the physical location of this phenomenon.
Sourav Bhattacharya, A. Lahiri. Mass function and particle creation in Schwarzschild–de Sitter spacetime. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2673-6
Discusses particle creation and thermodynamics in the immediate vicinity of black hole event horizons.
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A. A. A. Filho. Particle motion and thermal effects around a Kalb–Ramond black hole. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14752-3
Examines thermodynamic properties and particle behavior in the immediate vicinity of the event horizon.
Wang Y, Sheng C, Lu YH, Gao J, Chang YJ, Pang XL, Yang TH, Zhu SN, Liu H, Jin XM. Quantum simulation of particle pair creation near the event horizon.. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa111
Demonstrates the quantum creation and evolution of particle pairs near the event horizon where positive energy escapes.
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