In this study, we systematically investigate the multipartite correlations in the process of black hole radiation via the Parikh-Wilczek tunneling model. We examine not only the correlations among Hawking radiations but also the correlations between the emissions and the remainder of the black hole. Our findings indicate that the total correlation among emitted particles continues to increase as the black hole evaporates. Additionally, we observe that the bipartite correlation between the emissions and the remainder of the black hole initially increases and then decreases, while the total correlation of the entire system monotonically increases. Finally, we extend our analysis to include quantum correction and observe similar phenomena. Through this research, we aim to elucidate the mechanism of information conservation in the black hole information paradox.

<title>Abstract</title> <p>We investigate a quantum-corrected charged black hole obtained by promoting the Newtonian coupling to a scale-dependent quantity, as motivated by renormalization group improvement in Quantum Einstein Gravity. This yields a modified Reissner-Nordstrm spacetime where quantum effects are encoded through radial running of the gravitational coupling, while the classical limit is recovered at large distances. Fermionic Hawking radiation is studied within a tunneling framework based on a Generalized Uncertainty Principle-deformed Dirac equation. The resulting Hawking temperature is reduced relative to the semiclassical case, reflecting minimal-length effects that propagate into the thermodynamic sector. We derive quantum-corrected internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, and pressure within the extended phase space formalism. Deviations from classical thermodynamics are most pronounced near the event horizon and become negligible in the weak-field regime. The dynamical response is examined through fermionic perturbations by constructing the effective potential and employing a semiclassical approximation to compute the quasinormal mode spectrum and quality factors. Results indicate that running gravitational coupling mainly affects damping properties with milder impact on oscillation frequencies. Tidal forces analyzed via the geodesic deviation equation reveal characteristic transition radii where the nature of tidal deformation changes due to quantum corrections. Finally, motion of spinning magnetized test particles is explored through an effective radial potential, showing that quantum corrections primarily modify dynamics in the strong-field region while leaving asymptotic behavior essentially classical. Our results demonstrate how scale-dependent gravity and minimal-length effects jointly modify both thermodynamic and dynamical properties of charged black holes.</p>

A Secret Tunnel Through The Horizon Hawking radiation is often intuitively visualized as particles that have tunneled across the horizon. Yet, at first sight, it is not apparent where the barrier is. Here I show that the barrier depends on the tunneling particle itself. The key is to implement energy conservation, so that the black hole contracts during the process of radiation. A direct consequence is that the radiation spectrum cannot be strictly thermal. The correction to the thermal spectrum is of precisely the form that one would expect from an underlying unitary quantum theory. This may have profound implications for the black hole information puzzle. Published as: Int.J.Mod.Phys.D13:2351-2354,2004; Gen.Rel.Grav.36:2419-2422,2004 DOI: 10.1142/S0218271804006498 arXiv categories: hep-th astro-ph gr-qc

We regard the Parikh-Wilczek's tunnelling model of Hawking radiation as a quantum mechanical process of stimulated emission. The hypothesized microstates are found seated at the horizon with double degeneracy. A Jaynes-Cummings toy model for a black hole in the cavity is proposed to demonstrate how to write a qubit via the angular-dependent transition coupling, which might be related to the soft Goldstone hairs after analytic continuation. At last, we show how information is retained in the black hole by computing the time evolution of mutual entanglement entropy in the cavity-black holes system.

Hawking radiation is one of the quantum features of a black hole that can be understood as a quantum tunneling across the event horizon of the black hole, but it is quite difficult to directly observe the Hawking radiation of an astrophysical black hole. Here, we report a fermionic lattice-model-type realization of an analogue black hole by using a chain of 10 superconducting transmon qubits with interactions mediated by 9 transmon-type tunable couplers. The quantum walks of quasi-particle in the curved spacetime reflect the gravitational effect near the black hole, resulting in the behaviour of stimulated Hawking radiation, which is verified by the state tomography measurement of all 7 qubits outside the horizon. In addition, the dynamics of entanglement in the curved spacetime is directly measured. Our results would stimulate more interests to explore the related features of black holes using the programmable superconducting processor with tunable couplers.