Hard water calcification causes adverse health effects
Scientific evidence refutes the claim that hard water calcification causes adverse health effects, consistently showing instead that mineral-rich hard water is inversely associated with cardiovascular mortality and various cancers.
The retrieved papers overwhelmingly indicate that water hardness—specifically the presence of calcium and magnesium—is associated with health benefits such as lower cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality, reduced cancer risks, and better bone and dental health, directly contradicting the claim that hard water calcification causes adverse health effects.
Chun-Yuh Yang. Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking Water and Risk of Death From Cerebrovascular Disease. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.29.2.411
Study indicates that magnesium in drinking water has a significant protective effect against cerebrovascular disease mortality.
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Emma Wynn, Eric Raetz, Peter Burckhardt. The composition of mineral waters sourced from Europe and North America in respect to bone health: composition of mineral water optimal for bone. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508061515
Study highlights that calcium- and bicarbonate-rich mineral waters are beneficial to bone health.
Creteanu Razvan, Monica Popa, Ana-Maria Incze, Creteanu Cristina. The correlation between the mineral drinking water composition and the relevance of dentine in health – A pilot study. 2020. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1820
Study finds a direct and significant correlation between calcium and magnesium in drinking water and dental mineralization.
Maria Pina Dore, Guido Parodi, Michele Portoghese, Alessandra Errigo, Giovanni Mario Pes. Water Quality and Mortality from Coronary Artery Disease in Sardinia: A Geospatial Analysis.. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082858
Study demonstrates an inverse association between calcium content in drinking water and cardiovascular mortality.
R Rylander, H Bonevik, E Rubenowitz. Magnesium and calcium in drinking water and cardiovascular mortality.. 1991. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1722
Study notes a statistically significant inverse relationship between water hardness and mortality from cardiovascular disease.
Chun-Yuh Yang, Hui-Fen Chiu, Shang-Shyue Tsai, Trong-Neng Wu, Chin-Ching Chang. Magnesium and calcium in drinking water and the risk of death from esophageal cancer.. 2002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12635875/
Study shows a significant trend toward a decreased risk of esophageal cancer with increasing magnesium levels in water.
C Y Yang, H F Chiu, S S Tsai, M F Cheng, M C Lin, F C Sung. Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from prostate cancer.. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1080/009841000156565
Study reports a protective effect of magnesium intake from drinking water against prostate cancer development.
C Y Yang, H F Chiu, J F Chiu, S S Tsai, M F Cheng. Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from colon cancer.. 1997. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.1997.tb00310.x
Study finds a significant protective effect of calcium intake from drinking water against colon cancer.
C Y Yang, H F Chiu. Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and the risk of death from hypertension.. 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00065-5
Study concludes that magnesium in drinking water provides a significant protective effect against the risk of death from hypertension.
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