Geostrophic wind and current speeds experience temporal and spatial variations due to ageostrophic accelerations, friction, and pressure gradient adjustments, even though forces like the Coriolis force act perpendicularly to the motion.
The retrieved papers provide evidence that geostrophic and near-geostrophic flows undergo changes, accelerations, and ageostrophic adjustments due to factors like friction, boundary effects, and pressure gradients acting alongside perpendicular Coriolis forces. No retrieved papers refute this dynamical relationship.