Gene guns are an effective method for introducing foreign DNA into plant cells
Gene guns, or biolistic particle delivery systems, are widely recognized as established and effective tools for introducing foreign DNA into plant cells across various species.
The retrieved literature consistently supports the claim that gene guns (biolistic delivery systems or microparticle bombardment) are effective and widely used methods for introducing nucleic acids and foreign DNA into plant cells, despite ongoing technological efforts to improve their efficiency.
Connor Thorpe, Weifeng Luo, Qing Ji, A. Eggenberger, A. S. Chicowski, Weihui Xu, Ritinder Sandhu, Keunsub Lee, Steve A. Whitham, Yiping Qi, Kan Wang, Shan Jiang. Enhancing biolistic plant transformation and genome editing with a flow guiding barrel. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60761-x
Paper 1 discusses biolistic delivery systems (gene guns) as essential tools for plant genetic engineering and gene editing.
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Wang T, Li J, Hu R, Shentu X, Ye Z, Yu X, Sun K. Nanoparticle-Mediated Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems in Plant Biotechnology: Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14233649
Paper 3 lists gene gun bombardment as a traditional and widely applied delivery method in plant genetic engineering.
Li Z, Thorpe C, Jiang S, Aung K. Measuring Plasmodesmata-mediated Intercellular Trafficking Using Microparticle Bombardment in Arabidopsis and Crops.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.70194
Paper 6 describes using a microparticle bombardment biolistic system to investigate intercellular trafficking and transformation in various crops.
E. Eissa. GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF COMMON BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) CALLI BY BIOLISTIC GUN AND VIA Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 2013. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2013.10454
Paper 8 demonstrates that microparticle bombardment (direct biolistic gun) is an efficient genetic transformation method for common bean calli.
Maharjan BK, Islam MT, Muzaffar A, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Chen JG, Yang X. Woody Plant Transformation: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14223420
Paper 10 notes that particle bombardment has been widely used for DNA delivery across a wide variety of explants in woody plants.
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