Formal argument theory provides robust frameworks, such as argument schemes and structured models, that are widely used to evaluate and represent natural language arguments across various domains.
The claim is specific and falsifiable, passing Step 0. The retrieved literature demonstrates that formal argument frameworks (such as Toulmin models, argument schemes, and argument graphs) are extensively and successfully applied to analyze, structure, and evaluate natural language text across law, medicine, education, and persuasion. No papers refute the claim.