Eye fatigue is heavily attributed to prolonged or sustained contraction of the ciliary muscle during near work and digital device use. Scientific literature consistently points to accommodative stress and ciliary muscle fatigue as primary internal factors driving digital eye strain and pseudomyopia.
The retrieved papers consistently support the claim that eye fatigue (digital eye strain, pseudomyopia) is driven by sustained contraction and overstimulation of the ciliary muscle. Papers [1], [8], and [11] explicitly identify sustained or prolonged ciliary muscle contraction as a primary mechanism leading to eye strain and cellular fatigue. No papers refute this mechanism.