<h4>Background</h4>To provide reliable evidence to exercise rehabilitation therapists and clinicians, we compared and analyzed the effects of different exercise modalities on cardiopulmonary function in hemodialysis patients using Bayesian network meta-analysis.<h4>Methods</h4>PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORT Discus, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP were searched from inception to July 20, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials comparing 12 exercise modalities to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in hemodialysis patients. All statistical analysis was performed using STATA and R.<h4>Result</h4>A total of 82 randomized controlled trials involving 4146 maintenance hemodialysis patients were included in this study. The pair-wise meta-analysis showed that all exercise modalities had a positive effect on all indicators of cardiorespiratory capacity. The network meta-analysis demonstrated that Blood flow restriction training (BFRT), Cycle exercise (CE), Inspiratory muscle training (IMT), Combined aerobic and resistance training (CT), and Aerobic training (AT) were significantly better than usual care for 6-min walkability; Medium intensity continuous training (MICT), CT, CE, and AT were considerably better than usual care for VO₂Peak; body and mind training (MBT) and CT significantly improved SBP compared to usual care; and only MBT was significantly better than usual care for DBP. Both the two-dimensional plot and the radar plot demonstrated that CT had the best combined-effect on each index of cardiorespiratory fitness. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the results. The evidence was mainly "low" to "very low" for this network meta-analysis.<h4>Conclusion</h4>There is no one exercise that can achieve the best effect on all of the outcomes. The benefits of MBT in decreasing arterial blood pressure are unsurpassed by other exercise methods. The intervention effect of the CT is better and more stable. Electrical muscle stimulation training (MEST) can be employed in individuals who do not wish to exercise actively but may cause an increase in blood pressure. On the basis of the characteristics of different exercise types, guidelines developers, clinicians, and patients may employ them appropriately.<h4>Systematic review registration</h4>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails.

Adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represent a high-risk population with an elevated likelihood of developing mental health disorders. Physical activity (PA) has emerged as a promising intervention to enhance mental health in youth. However, no studies to date have comprehensively examined the immediate and sustained effects of PA, especially aerobic exercise-based PA, on mental ill-being—including internalizing problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, and stress) and externalizing problems (e.g., aggression)—as well as on two other critical indicators of mental health: psychological well-being (e.g., resilience) and cognitive function (e.g., inhibitory control) in adolescents with ADHD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether an aerobic exercise-based PA intervention could elicit immediate and sustained benefits for mental health outcomes, including internalizing problems, externalizing problems, psychological well-being, and cognitive function, in adolescents with ADHD. This study was an assessor-masked, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. A total of 88 adolescents with ADHD were enrolled. Eligible participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the exercise group or the control group. Participants in the exercise group attended a 60-min session of aerobic exercise once a week for 12 weeks. Depression, anxiety, stress, aggression, and resilience were assessed using self-report questionnaires, and inhibitory control was evaluated through computer-based neurocognitive tasks. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), at the end of the intervention (T1), and 3 months following the intervention (T2). The 80 eligible participants included 72 (90%) males with a mean age of 14.74 (± 1.59) years. Generalized estimating equation analyses revealed that the current PA intervention resulted in significantly better and sustained improvements in depression, anxiety, stress, and inhibitory control. Compared to the control group, the exercise group showed a significant increase in resilience at T1, but this effect was not sustained at T2. No significant reduction in aggression was found. The current aerobic exercise-based PA intervention was found to be effective in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as in promoting inhibitory control and resilience in adolescents with ADHD. The current findings suggest that an aerobic exercise-based PA intervention may be an alternative or adjunctive approach to enhancing mental health, particularly in alleviating internalizing problems, in this population. ChiCTR, ChiCTR2400087025. Registered 17 July 2024—Retrospectively registered, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=230614.

Background Engaging in an adequate amount of physical activity (PA) serves as a protective factor against frailty. While previous PA interventions have been effective in improving physical functioning outcomes, they have not consistently succeeded in sustaining PA behavioral changes. Objective The primary aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to explore the feasibility and acceptability of an integrative mobile health (mHealth) intervention among community-dwelling older adults with prefrailty and frailty. The secondary aim was to investigate the potential effects of the intervention on sustaining PA levels and improving mental well-being and exercise self-efficacy in this population. Methods A 2-armed pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 38 inactive, community-dwelling older adults (aged>55 years) with prefrailty and frailty were randomized to either the intervention group (n=19), which received 4 weekly educational workshops at a university and a mobile app to support their use of outdoor exercise facilities in their neighborhood, or the control group (n=19), which received 4 weekly health education workshops with exercise experiential sessions tailored for older adults with frailty. To assess the acceptability of the intervention, individual semistructured interviews were conducted with, and a self-developed questionnaire was administered to, 14 participants from the intervention group. Results The mean age of the participants was 71.8 (SD 9.34) years, and 24 out of 34 (71%) were female. As many as 34 participants out of 38 (89%) completed the study (18/19 in the control group and 16/19 in the intervention group). Workshop attendance rates were very high in both groups (intervention group, 63/68, 93%, and control group, 72/76, 95%). Self-reported adherence to the unsupervised outdoor practical sessions and engagement with the app was over 65% (36/51, 71%, and 35/51, 69%, in the intervention group. Two adverse events were reported in the intervention group, and none in the control group. As hypothesized, secondary outcome analyses showed that both groups increased their PA levels immediately after the intervention; however, only the intervention group maintained this increase at the 3-month follow-up. Additionally, favorable changes in mental well-being and exercise self-efficacy were observed in the intervention group. Feasibility and acceptability data also highlighted areas for improvement that should be addressed before a larger trial. Conclusions This study provides initial proof-of-concept evidence for the integrative mHealth intervention. However, modifications are needed to enhance user adherence to both the mobile app and the outdoor practice component before proceeding to a larger trial. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06326710; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06326710

Many people meditate to reduce psychological stress and stress-related health problems. To counsel people appropriately, clinicians need to know what the evidence says about the health benefits of meditation. To determine the efficacy of meditation programs in improving stress-related outcomes (anxiety, depression, stress/distress, positive mood, mental health-related quality of life, attention, substance use, eating habits, sleep, pain, and weight) in diverse adult clinical populations. We identified randomized clinical trials with active controls for placebo effects through November 2012 from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, PsycArticles, Scopus, CINAHL, AMED, the Cochrane Library, and hand searches. Two independent reviewers screened citations and extracted data. We graded the strength of evidence using 4 domains (risk of bias, precision, directness, and consistency) and determined the magnitude and direction of effect by calculating the relative difference between groups in change from baseline. When possible, we conducted meta-analyses using standardized mean differences to obtain aggregate estimates of effect size with 95% confidence intervals. After reviewing 18 753 citations, we included 47 trials with 3515 participants. Mindfulness meditation programs had moderate evidence of improved anxiety (effect size, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.12-0.64] at 8 weeks and 0.22 [0.02-0.43] at 3-6 months), depression (0.30 [0.00-0.59] at 8 weeks and 0.23 [0.05-0.42] at 3-6 months), and pain (0.33 [0.03- 0.62]) and low evidence of improved stress/distress and mental health-related quality of life. We found low evidence of no effect or insufficient evidence of any effect of meditation programs on positive mood, attention, substance use, eating habits, sleep, and weight. We found no evidence that meditation programs were better than any active treatment (ie, drugs, exercise, and other behavioral therapies). Clinicians should be aware that meditation programs can result in small to moderate reductions of multiple negative dimensions of psychological stress. Thus, clinicians should be prepared to talk with their patients about the role that a meditation program could have in addressing psychological stress. Stronger study designs are needed to determine the effects of meditation programs in improving the positive dimensions of mental health and stress-related behavior.

BackgroundAs a behavioral addiction, internet addiction disorder has become a global problem that seriously affects people’s mental health. Although physical and mental exercise is believed to help alleviate related symptoms, there is currently a lack of systematic research evaluating the intervention effects of different physical and mental exercises on internet addiction disorder.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effects of different physical and mental exercise modes and amounts on the alleviation of symptoms of internet addiction.MethodRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of different physical and mental exercise modes on internet addiction published between October 2000 and February 2025 were retrieved through PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and CNKI systems. After independently screening literature, extracting data, and evaluating the risk of bias in the included studies by two independent researchers, a random effects model was used for meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 19.0 software. Perform dose-response analysis using R software.ResultsTwenty-four randomized controlled trials involving 1,711 participants were included. Compared with the control group, all physical and mental exercise methods significantly improved symptoms of internet addiction disorder (SMD = −1.63, 95% CI: −2.04, −1.22). Mindfulness meditation showed the strongest effect (SMD = −2.04, 95% CI: −3.23, −0.85). The study determined a non-linear U-shaped dose After independently screening literature, extracting data, and evaluating the risk of bias in the included studies by two independent researchers, a random effects model was used for meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 19.0 software. Perform dose-response analysis using R software. Results Twenty-four randomized controlled trials involving 1,711 participants were included. Compared with the control group, all physical and mental exercise methods significantly improved symptoms of internet addiction disorder (SMD = −1.63, 95% CI: −2.04, −1.22). Mindfulness meditation showed the strongest effect (SMD = −2.04, 95% CI: −3.23, −0.85). The study determined a non-linear U-shaped dose-response relationship, with the best effect occurring at 730 MET min/week. Conclusion This study provides theoretical support for non pharmacological interventions to improve symptoms of internet addiction disorder. For those who hope to improve their internet addiction through physical and mental exercise, mindfulness meditation is the first choice. In addition, controlling the exercise dose within the optimal range (e.g., 730 MET min/week) can significantly enhance the intervention effect. The meta-analysis by Fox et al. found that yoga and meditation practices can affect the structure of brain regions related to attention control and emotion regulation, which is crucial for improving self-control related to IAD ( 66 ). The study by Li et al. on individuals addicted to online games showed that physical and mental intervention activities can significantly improve their attention control ability and impulse suppression function ( 67 ). Chen et al. found that psychological intervention combined with physical activity can effectively reduce internet usage time and improve self-regulation ability ( 68 ). The study by Du et al. confirmed that physical activity intervention can significantly improve the internet usage behavior and mental health status of college students ( 69 ). Aerobicdance affect IAD symptoms by regulating various neurotransmitters. Research has shown that aerobic exercise promotes dopamine secretion, which is transmitted through the basal ganglia to the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex, helping to restore the neurological function of addicts ( 70 ). This exercise can increase dopamine levels in the striatum, hypothalamus, and brainstem of different genders. Although Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Aerobicdance perform well in regulating the autonomic nervous system, improving heart rate variability, and enhancing prefrontal cortex activity, their targeted effects on core attention deficit and emotional control ability in internet addicts are usually not as significant as mindfulness meditation ( 73 ), resulting in slightly lower overall intervention effects on IAD symptoms. These findings not only reveal the underlying mechanisms by which different forms of exercise improve internet addiction, but also have significant implications for public health and clinical practice. In addition, this finding is consistent with the guidelines for moderate intensity physical and mental exercise intervention recommended by the World Health Organization ( 54 ) and the IAD Incorporating this optimal exercise dosage into campus health education, psychological counseling services, and young Adults health promotion programs can not only effectively alleviate symptoms of IAD, but also improve mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and social disorders caused by excessive internet use ( 67 ), thereby promoting the physical and mental health development of young Adults on a broader scale. In summary, the U-shaped dose-response relationship revealed in this study suggests that precise regulation of exercise dosage is crucial in developing physical and mental exercise interventions aimed at alleviating symptoms of IAD. By adjusting the intensity and duration of exercise appropriately to achieve the optimal dosage, symptoms of IAD can be minimized to the greatest extent possible, and executive function and self-regulation abilities can be improved. This discovery provides clear clinical guidance for exercise prescriptions targeting young people with IAD, and has substantial application value for educational institutions, mental health services, and public health policy-making. Table 5 lists exercise recommendations to improve symptoms of IAD. Table 5 Physical and mental exercise recommendations for improving symptoms of IAD.

<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis and to evaluate changes in the mental health, physical symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in cancer patients following mind-body exercise training.<h4>Methods</h4>As of February 2026, this study retrieved data from eight databases. Eventually, 19 randomized clinical trials using the mind-body exercise were conducted. This meta-analysis synthesized outcome indicators related to cancer symptoms to obtain pooled effect sizes.<h4>Results</h4>In this meta-analysis, interventions in mind-body exercise in terms of anxiety (standardized mean difference, SMD = -0.39, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.13), depression (SMD = -0.34, 95%CI -0.59 to -0.10), fatigue (SMD = -0.40, 95% CI -0.78 to -0.02), sleep (SMD = -0.60, 95% CI -1.15 to -0.05), and HRQOL (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI 0.17-0.60) are statistically significant when compared with usual care. The subgroup analysis indicated that a longer intervention period (≥ 8 weeks) might show stronger effects. Based on the intervention types, traditional Chinese exercise significantly improved anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and HRQOL, while yoga significantly reduced fatigue and also improved HRQOL.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Mind-body exercise is an effective rehabilitation method for alleviating cancer symptoms, significantly improving mental health, physical symptoms and quality of life. They are suitable as non-pharmacological supplementary intervention measures for cancer patients and are recommended for wide application in clinical practice.

Abstract BackgroundTai Chi Chuan (TCC), often described as “moving meditation,” is a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise suitable for individuals of all ages. Mounting evidence demonstrates that TCC can improve physical functions, promote physical activity, and positively impact health and longevity. However, systematic learning is hindered by insufficient teaching resources, difficulties in imparting expertise, and learning environment constraints. TCC auxiliary training systems, an innovative means of human-computer interaction, provide a potential solution. ObjectiveThis scoping review evaluates the research trends and clinical outcomes of TCC auxiliary training systems. Specifically, we compare the development tools, system design, and evaluation or validation processes used by different systems to guide future development in this research area. MethodsFollowing the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library) were systematically searched for studies in English from 2014 to 2024. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and used an adapted version of the Santos evaluation criteria to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The included studies were qualitatively summarized with respect to system design and evaluation verification. ResultsAmong the 2202 identified studies, 34 studies met the inclusio

The YRE group will perform exercises (breathing exercises, flexibility, resistance exercises, relaxation with meditation) in the first two hours of each hemodialysis session, three times weekly. The outcome measures are the following: socio-demographic characteristics; fatigue (measured by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue); depression (the Patient Health Questionnaire); sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index); muscle strength (a hydraulic hand dynamometer, hand-held dynamometer, and one-minute sit-to-stand test). The outcomes will be assessed at baseline, week 6, and week 12. The independent t-test will be applied to compare the differences in outcome scores between groups at different time points. Using a generalized estimating equation method to analyze the effects of the intervention on the outcome variables. Results: The expected results are: (1) The combined YRE program is feasible and safe for hemodialysis patients. (2) After 12 weeks, the intervention group will show significant improvement in muscle strength, fatigue, depression, and sleep quality compared to the control group. Study design: a randomized controlled trial.

is a multidimensional concept. It commonly refers to physical and emotional well-being. Good health is associated with normal functioning of the human body Health has a variety of definitions which have been used for different purposes over time and is a multidimensional concept. It commonly refers to physical and emotional well-being. Good health is associated with normal functioning of the human body in day to day life, absent of disease, pain (including mental pain), or injury. Health can be promoted by encouraging healthful activities, such as re Biomed… Personal health depends partially on the active, passive, and assisted cues people observe and adopt about their own health. These include personal actions for preventing or minimizing the effects of a disease, usually a chronic condition, through integrative care. They also include personal hygiene practices to prevent infection and illness, such as bathing and washing hands with soap; brushing and flossing teeth; storing, preparing and handling food safely; and many others. The information gleaned from personal observations of daily living – such as about sleep patterns, exercise behavior, nutritional intake and environmental features – may be used to inform personal decisions and actions (e.g., "I feel tired in the morning so I am going to try sleeping on a different pillow"), as well as clinical decisions and treatment plans (e.g., a patient who notices their shoes are tighter than usual may be having exacerbation of left-sided heart failure, and may require diuretic medication to reduce fluid overload). Personal health also depends partially on the social structure of a person's life. The maintenance of strong social relationships, volunteering, and other social activities have been linked to positive mental health and also increased longevity. One American study among seniors over age 70, found that frequent volunteering was associated with reduced risk of dying compared with older persons who did not volunteer, regardless of physical health status. Another study from Singapore reported that volunteering retirees had significantly better cognitive performance scores, fewer depressive symptoms, and better mental well-being and life satisfaction than non-volunteering retirees. Prolonged psychological stress may negatively impact health, and has been cited as a factor in cognitive impairment with aging, depressive illness, and expression of disease. Stress management is the application of methods to either reduce stress or increase tolerance to stress. Relaxation techniques are physical methods used to relieve stress. Psychological methods include cognitive therapy, meditation, and positive thinking, which work by reducing response to stress. Improving…

invigorated by giving more prominence to bodily exercise , and by exempting children from employments injurious to health . They have no thought of interfering with