Electronic cigarettes have negative effects on dental health
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
confidence 90/100
Multiple in vitro, microbiological, and clinical studies indicate that electronic cigarette use is associated with adverse oral health outcomes, including gingival inflammation, periodontal disease, xerostomia, and altered oral microbiomes.
Evidence for · 5
E-cigarettes and flavorings induce inflammatory and pro-senescence responses in oral epithelial cells and periodontal fibroblasts
2016 · cited by 243
Sundar et al. (2016) demonstrated that e-cigarettes cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage in oral epithelial cells and periodontal fibroblasts.
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More for · 4
Electronic Cigarettes and Oral Health
2021 · cited by 107
Binnie et al. (2021) noted that epidemiological studies highlight concerns regarding oral dryness, irritation, and gingival diseases associated with vaping.
Electronic Cigarette Use Promotes a Unique Periodontal Microbiome
2022 · cited by 68
Pushalkar et al. (2022) found that electronic cigarette use promotes a unique periodontal microbiome associated with periodontal risks.
The risk profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems, compared to traditional cigarettes, on oral disease: a review
2023 · cited by 37
Romano et al. (2023) reviewed risks and indicated that ENDS components have cytotoxic properties that increase susceptibility to periodontal disease and oral lesions.
To Vape or Not to Vape: Oral Health in the Age of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Electronic Non-Nicotine Delivery Systems.
2026 · cited by 1
Al-Rawi et al. (2026) reported higher risks of caries, xerostomia, gingival inflammation, and periodontal disease among e-cigarette users compared to non-users.