El Niño events are terminated by ocean-atmosphere interactions and wave dynamics
El Niño events are driven and terminated through complex ocean-atmosphere interactions, wind-stress feedbacks, and subsurface wave dynamics that alter heat content and thermocline depth.
The claim states that El Niño events are terminated by ocean-atmosphere interactions and wave dynamics. The retrieved papers consistently support the role of coupled ocean-atmosphere processes, wind anomalies, and wave dynamics (like Kelvin waves and heat discharge mechanisms) in governing the evolution and termination/decay phases of El Niño. No papers refute this fundamental mechanism.
Qihua Peng, S. Xie, Dongxiao Wang, Xiao‐Tong Zheng, Hong Zhang. Coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics of the 2017 extreme coastal El Niño. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08258-8
Paper 1 discusses how ocean-atmosphere coupling and wave dynamics (such as downwelling Kelvin waves and wind feedbacks) govern extreme coastal El Niño events.
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Jia Wu, Hanjie Fan, Shuheng Lin, Wenxiu Zhong, Shan He, Noel S. Keenlyside, Song Yang. Boosting effect of strong western pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole on the decay of El Niño events. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00554-5
Paper 3 details how ocean-atmosphere interactions, including wind anomalies and oceanic equatorial upwelling Kelvin waves, prompt the decay and termination of El Niño events.
Iwakiri T, Watanabe M. Mechanisms linking multi-year La Niña with preceding strong El Niño.. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96056-6
Paper 5 highlights how wind anomalies during the decay phase discharge ocean heat content via Ekman transport, driving the transition out of El Niño.
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