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the claim
Einstein introduced the cosmological constant to make the universe static.
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
10 sources for · 0 against

Multiple authoritative reference works and historical reviews confirm that Albert Einstein introduced the cosmological constant in 1917 specifically to allow his general relativity equations to describe a static universe.

Evidence for · 10
Wikipedia: Albert Einstein
cited by 0
Reference article covering this claim directly
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How claims like this are judged

Judged against reference works: claims of this kind are settled by the historical reference record, not journal abstracts.

More for · 9
Headway: Einstein : a beginner's guide
2000 · cited by 0
Confirms Einstein introduced the force to keep the universe static.
Teach Yourself Books: Cosmology
1999 · cited by 0
States Einstein introduced this force into his equations for a finite static universe.
Thomas Allen Publishers: Reinventing gravity : a physicist goes beyond Einstein
2009 · cited by 0
Notes Einstein introduced the cosmological constant to ensure that the universe would be static and eternal.
Smithsonian Books/Collins: Reinventing gravity : a physicist goes beyond Einstein
2008 · cited by 0
Notes Einstein introduced the cosmological constant to ensure that the universe would be static and eternal.
Smithsonian Books: Reinventing gravity
2008 · cited by 0
Notes Einstein introduced the cosmological constant to ensure that the universe would be static and eternal.
Apple: 3-minute Einstein : digesting his life, theories & influence in 3-minute morsels
2011 · cited by 0
States Einstein introduced a fudge factor because observations suggested the universe was static.
Prometheus Books·: Albert Einstein's vision
2003 · cited by 0
States Einstein added the cosmological constant to stabilize his universe.
OpenAIRE: E=mc$^2$ and the negative pressure of Dark Energy
2017 · cited by 0
Mentions dark energy makes use of the cosmological constant introduced by Einstein, but does not detail why it was introduced.
OpenAIRE: One hundred years of the cosmological constant: from “superfluous stunt” to dark energy
2018 · cited by 0
States the cosmological constant was first introduced by Einstein in 1917 to describe a universe that was assumed to be static.
Everything we examined (25)
  1. Wikipedia: Albert Einsteinreferencesupports
  2. Book: The Cosmosreferencesupportsnot shown: a book whose author and subject did not establish authority here
  3. Book: A First Course in General Relativityreferencesupportsnot shown: a book whose author and subject did not establish authority here
  4. Book: Cosmologyreferencesupportsnot shown: a book whose author and subject did not establish authority here
  5. Book: Classical Field Theoriesreferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  6. Book: The Alchemy of the Heavensreferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  7. Book: Introduction to General Relativityreferencesupportsnot shown: a book whose author and subject did not establish authority here
  8. Book: The Runaway Universereferencesupportsnot shown: a book whose author and subject did not establish authority here
  9. Headway: Einstein : a beginner's guidereferencesupports
  10. Teach Yourself Books: Cosmologyreferencesupports
  11. Thomas Allen Publishers: Reinventing gravity : a physicist goes beyond Einsteinreferencesupports
  12. Smithsonian Books/Collins: Reinventing gravity : a physicist goes beyond Einsteinreferencesupports
  13. Smithsonian Books: Reinventing gravityreferencesupports
  14. Apple: 3-minute Einstein : digesting his life, theories & influence in 3-minute morselsreferencesupports
  15. Prometheus Books·: Albert Einstein's visionreferencesupports
  16. Warner Books: Understanding cosmologyreferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  17. Wikisource: The clock problem (clock paradox) in relativityreferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  18. Wikisource: The Meaning of Relativity/Lecture 4referenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  19. OpenAIRE: E=mc$^2$ and the negative pressure of Dark Energypeer-reviewedsupports
  20. OpenAIRE: AInstein: numerical Einstein metrics via machine learningpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  21. OpenAIRE: Zero-parameter extension of general relativity with a varying cosmological constantpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  22. OpenAIRE: A Zero-Parameter Extension of General Relativity with Varying Cosmological Constantpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  23. OpenAIRE: One hundred years of the cosmological constant: from “superfluous stunt” to dark energypeer-reviewedsupports
  24. OpenAIRE: Species, chameleonic strings and the concept of particlepeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  25. evening star (washington, d.c.) 1854-1972: evening star (washington, d.c.) 1854-1972referenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked05 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 7505 Aug 2026
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