Eczema is primarily caused by skin barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation
Current dermatological evidence consistently supports the consensus that eczema (atopic dermatitis) is fundamentally driven by a combination of epidermal barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation.
The retrieved literature consistently emphasizes that atopic dermatitis is driven by an interactive axis of epidermal barrier defects and immune dysregulation, such as Type 2 inflammation. Multiple reviews confirm these are the core components of the disease's etiopathogenesis.
Alain Taïeb. Hypothesis: from epidermal barrier dysfunction to atopic disorders. 1999. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06125.x
Proposes that an impaired epidermal barrier is a primary underlying cause of atopic disorders.
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Tubanur Çetinarslan, Lisa Kümper, Regina Fölster-Holst. The immunological and structural epidermal barrier dysfunction and skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis-an update. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1159404
Highlights structural and immunological epidermal barrier defects alongside immune pathway activation as core factors in atopic dermatitis pathophysiology.
Blady K, Pomianowski B, Smółka L, Strugała M, Kursa K, Stanek A. The Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols in Modulating Barrier Lipids, Microbiome Interactions, and Inflammatory Pathways in Atopic Dermatitis.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18091365
Identifies epidermal barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation as central components of atopic dermatitis pathogenesis.
Andrzejczak K, Sternak A, Witkowski W, Flak A, Maj J, Ponikowska M. IL-4/IL-13-Driven Dysregulation of Epidermal Lipid Metabolism in Atopic Dermatitis: An Immunometabolic Link Between Type 2 Inflammation and Barrier Dysfunction.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15121130
Details how type 2 immune dysregulation directly drives epidermal lipid metabolism defects, linking inflammation and barrier dysfunction.
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