The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between different engineering properties of soils using the Dynamic Cone Penetration test (DCP). In this context, various correlation equations were created based on DCP results and data obtained from California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, Unconfined Compression Test (UCS), Direct Shear Test, and Bending Element Test. The portability, economic feasibility and simple operating principle of the DCP device facilitate on-site measurements and make it an attractive tool in geotechnical engineering. For this reason, the DCP test is a test that can be widely used to evaluate the in-situ properties of soils. Especially in cases where it is difficult to obtain undisturbed soil samples in loose or water-saturated sandy soils, the DCP test can be effectively used to predict the engineering properties of soils. Although there is extensive work in the literature on the DCP test to determine the strength and compressibility properties of soils, studies on the determination of dynamic properties are limited. In this context, soil samples of different qualities were taken from 30 different locations, and various engineering properties of the soils were determined. The results obtained from the study show that especially the strength and dynamic parameters of soils can be predicted with a high correlation with the DCP test.

Abstract It is well known that the determination of fundamental engineering properties of materials is the key to their inclusion within quality control assessments and pavement design. Although using of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content has been widely accepted in quality control assessments, it may not provide the mechanistic properties of the compacted material, namely, strength or stiffness. On the other hand, the static plate loading test used for quality control of roads is relatively expensive as compared with lighter equipment used nowadays to control the bearing capacity of compacted unbound materials. In this context, it has become necessary to find a simple and quick test that can be used in assessing the bearing capacity of Swedish base course material. For this purpose, several unbound granular California bearing ratio (CBR) samples were prepared and compacted using modified Proctor compaction for a wide range of molding water contents. Then, the CBR samples have been tested by a dynamic California bearing ratio device. This research provides a data base for future adopting of the dynamic CBR test as a light equipment used for quality assurance during roads construction. Regression equations have been developed to predict the laboratory dynamic CBR (CBRLD) from the molding water contents and the dry densities with relatively high correlation coefficients. These equations can be used in predicting the CBRLD values for unbound granular materials compacted and tested at similar conditions as in that developed for.

The dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), especially when combined with a vibrating hammer offers a simple and inexpensive site investigation equipment for simple structures. However, the difficulty in the successful application of this equipment lies in the absence of a credible correlation between the DCP test results and the bearing capacity. This paper discusses the correlation between the DCP test results and the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation. In-mould DCP tests were performed in the laboratory on re-moulded and re-compacted samples of two local soils. Similar samples were subjected to triaxial compression tests to determine the strength parameters from which the allowable bearing pressure of a footing on the material was computed. The DCP values were then correlated with the allowable bearing pressure and the results compared with those predicted with correlations from the literature. Field results to illustrate the potential application of the DCP as a simple site investigation tool for foundation design are also presented

This study aims to analyze the bearing capacity of the subgrade in the vicinity of Muhammadiyah University of Jember using the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Test (DCPT) method as a basis for planning road pavement thickness. The testing was conducted at several locations by recording the cone penetration values due to falling loads (mm/impact) and converting them into California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values through an empirical approach. The test results showed that the average DCP value at point 1 was 76.58 mm/impact with a CBR of 2.19%, while at point 2 it was 79.67 mm/impact with a CBR of 2.08%. Both values indicate that the subgrade is classified as soft to very soft soil with low bearing capacity. Linear regression analysis between the DCP and CBR values produced a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.974 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.948, indicating a very strong and significant relationship between the two parameters. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the DCPT method is effective for quickly and economically determining field CBR values and can serve as a reference in planning pavement thickness at the University of Muhammadiyah Jember.

Determination of California bearing ratio (CBR) values indirectly from a relationship with the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) can offer a valuable alternative approach due to its simplicity and the ability to provide rapid results. The literature review reveals that DCP is mainly used as an in situ device and laboratory application of DCP, in a mould, was rarely reported, due to the confining effect. In this study, a lightweight cone penetrometer (DLP), with a hammer mass of 2.25 kg that can be used in a CBR mould in the laboratory as well as in the field was used to evaluate the CBR of fine-grained subgrade soils. Strong relationships were found between the CBR values and the dynamic lightweight cone penetration index (DLPI) for eight experimental soils, at four different moisture contents. The results show that CBR values drop and DLPI values increase very significantly when moisture contents increase from optimum to soaked conditions.

Quantitative estimation of mechanical characteristics of soils and determination of their behavior using in-situ experiments have always been one of the main concerns of geotechnical engineers. So far, various methods have been introduced to achieve this goal, among which the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) test has become more popular as one of the most accurate and efficient methods. Therefore, in this study, an attempt was made to examine the correlation between different soil parameters by performing DCP test along with a series of conventional tests including Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests on marl soil samples containing 2, 5, 8% lime at 1, 7 and 15 curing days. Furthermore, since the subgrade reaction coefficient (Ks) is needed in the design of pavements and their underlying materials, Plate Load Test (PLT) was performed to determine Ks. The results showed that the addition of lime up to 5% increased UCS, CBR and Ks and decreased dynamic penetrometer index (DPI) of marl soil samples. Further addition of lime had a negative effect on the mechanical characteristics of the samples. Moreover, using the equations obtained from the correlations in this study, strength characteristics and subgrade reaction coefficient of the stabilized marl soil can be estimated by knowing the DPI of the samples. The results of this study showed that the use of the DCP test as a cheap and easy-to-use method can provide a comprehensive view of soi

Soil bearing capacity is crucial in infrastructure construction planning. Common testing methods used for evaluation are the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) and the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Numerous studies have examined the correlation between these two tests, but specific studies on specific soils are lacking. Furthermore, studies generally involve taking soil samples and then compacting them in a CBR mould. As a result, studies rarely employ compacted soil samples from the field. This study analyzes the correlation between CBR values based undisturbed sample and field testing using the DCP. The study was conducted on coarse-grained soil. The case study was located at the Batang Multipurpose Terminal (TMB), Batang Integrated Industrial Zone. The results showed that there were 6 from 9 DCP test points that had similarities. The highest deviation in this study occurred because the DCP testing position was located far from the undisturbed sampling point. Meanwhile, the lowest deviation was 0.25% for 0.1-inch and 3.14% for 0.2-inch penetration (less than 5%). This study also produced an equation from a regression model based on the relationship between DCP and CBR values for coarse-grained soil. This equation has correlation of 0.9471, which indicates a strong relationship between the two variables analyzed.

In civil engineering, land is important because as a place for building infrastructure to be built, so that the building infrastructure on it is stable, adequate carrying capacity is needed. The amount of soil bearing capacity can be determined in several ways, including the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Field Test, Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP). The CBR and DCP tests are often used to determine the level of surface soil density on road structures, while CPT is usually used to determine the hard soil layer on the building structure. However, in certain situations Sondir and DCP data are often used to predict the CBR value, because the test is quite practical and efficient compared to the CBR test. CBR testing requires heavy equipment which in most small-scale projects is not available. In this study, we compared the CBR value based on the data obtained from the Sondir and DCP tests. Data collection was carried out in Surakarta and its surroundings. Based on the test results, the CBR value generated from the DCP test tends to be smaller than that from the CPT test with a ratio of 0.62: 1. This study resulted in the relationship between CBR values from the results of the CPT and DCP tests shown in the following equation: CBR (DCP) % = 0.2552 CBR(CPT) + 2.6306 and CBR (DCP) % = 0.617 CBR(CPT).

The increasing demand for sustainable road infrastructure necessitates alternative materials that enhance soil stabilization while reducing environmental impact. This study investigated the application of organosilane-based nanotechnology to improve the structural performance and durability of road corridors in Peru, offering a viable alternative to conventional stabilization methods. A comparative experimental approach was employed, where modified soil and asphalt mixtures were evaluated against control samples without nanotechnology. Laboratory tests showed that organosilane-treated soil achieved up to a 100% increase in the California Bearing Ratio (CBR), while maintaining expansion below 0.5%, significantly reducing moisture susceptibility compared to untreated soil. Asphalt mixtures incorporating nanotechnology-based adhesion enhancers exhibited a Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) exceeding 80%, ensuring a superior resistance to moisture-induced damage relative to conventional mixtures. Non-destructive evaluations, including Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) tests, confirmed the improved long-term durability and load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the International Roughness Index (IRI) revealed a mean value of 2.449 m/km, which is well below the Peruvian regulatory threshold of 3.5 m/km, demonstrating a significant improvement over untreated pavements. Furthermore, a comparative reference to IRI standards from other co

This study investigates the correlation between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) for subgrade soil analysis. The paper aims to provide practical equations for predicting CBR values from DCP test results, therefore enhancing the efficiency of soil assessments in engineering practice. By analyzing test data and proposing correlations for different soil groups, the study introduces recalibrated correlations that demonstrate high accuracy in predicting CBR values. The newly proposed equations offer reliable predictions with R 2 values of 0.89, 0.92, and 0.94 for clean sand, silty sand or sandy silt, and cohesive soil, respectively. These correlations serve as valuable tools for engineers, enabling rapid and accurate CBR estimations for improved decision-making in various engineering projects.

Introduction. The introduction to the paper highlights the methods of standard geotechnical tests for in situ measurements of subgrade strength or strength estimation. Problem statement. The issue of the paper concerns the interpretation and the application of the results of testing of the subgrades or granular layers of a road pavement by the dynamic cone penetrometer. Purpose. The goal of the paper consists of the analysis of practices of the subgrade strength evaluation by the conversion of the dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) results to the nominal values of the California bearing ratio (CBR) or by plotting the subgrade profile and also of practices for the layer thickness evaluation and compaction control.

Several testing methods can be carried out in testing the bearing capacity of the soil, such as soil test testing, hand penetrometer, dynamic cone penetrometer, plate bearing test, and others. In addition to direct testing in the field, testing can also be carried out in the laboratory. The purpose of this study is to determine how much the correlation results of the 4 (four) test methods are to provide efficient results in data collection in the field. The location of research was carried out in Sekadau Regency, Sekadau Hilir District. The Sports Stadium Complex Development Plan has carried out as many as 20 (twenty) points for each test. Each test was carried out closely and reviewed at a depth of one meter, with soil characteristics at The test location being sandy soil with fine grain. The correlation test was carried out with 4 (four) test methods using the regression line method. This study shows a solid correlation between CBR Dynamic Cone and Hand Penetrometer (r = 0.893). The strong correlation between Hand Penetrometer and the qc Soil test (r = 0.669). Good modulus subgrade (Plate Bearing Test) correlation with CBR Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (r = 0.417). Very weak correlation of Soil test qc with subgrade modulus (Plate Bearing Test (r = 0.226).

Strength of the subgrade plays a vital role in the design and construction of pavements. Traditional subgrade strength evaluation techniques consume more time and are labor-intensive. This study uses dynamic cone penetrometer index (DCPI) and other soil properties to predict the strength of subgrade soils including unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR). In this study, silty sands from three local sites are considered for evaluation and various tests including compaction, UCS, CBR, and dynamic cone penetrometer tests, are conducted. To study the effect of density and water content, soil specimens were prepared at different relative density (Rc) levels, such as the dry side of optimum, at optimum, and the wet side of optimum. Soil at maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content attains higher strength, demonstrating that the DCPI of soil is inversely correlated with UCS and CBR. The correlations proposed in previous studies are used to predict the UCS and CBR based on DCPI to check their suitability for local soils, and the results indicate that a few models are not suitable for the local soils and are attributed to the regional variations. Further, new correlations are proposed to predict UCS and CBR using DCPI alone and DCPI combined with dry unit weight and water content. The proposed correlations demonstrate a good correlation with an R2 value of 0.987 and acceptable average absolute errors, which prove their accuracy and feasibility for practical usage in local silty soils. Sensitivity analysis indicates that DCPI is the main influential factor in strength prediction, followed by dry unit weight and water content. Overall, the study recommends proposed the predictive models for more reliable strength prediction of local silty sands.