Dust on Mars was created by extensive volcanic activity and meteorite impacts
Dust and regolith on Mars were largely formed through prolonged geological processes, specifically volcanic activity and intense meteorite impacts that reworked the planet's crust.
The retrieved papers consistently support the role of both meteorite impacts (e.g., intense bombardment and impact cratering) and extensive volcanism (magmatic history and volcanic provinces) in shaping the Martian surface materials and regolith.
Osinski GR, Cockell CS, Pontefract A, Sapers HM. The Role of Meteorite Impacts in the Origin of Life.. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2019.2203
Discusses how impact events fracture planetary crusts, generate hydrothermal settings, and produce impact analogues such as volcanic pumice and impact ejecta.
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Costa MM, Jensen NK, Bouvier LC, Connelly JN, Mikouchi T, Horstwood MSA, Suuronen JP, Moynier F, Deng Z, Agranier A, Martin LAJ, Johnson TE, Nemchin AA, Bizzarro M. The internal structure and geodynamics of Mars inferred from a 4.2-Gyr zircon record.. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016326117
Indicates that the Martian crust's early evolution and reworking were driven by intense impact bombardment and subsequent volcanic provinces.
Bell JF 3rd, Maki JN, Alwmark S, Ehlmann BL, Fagents SA, Grotzinger JP, Gupta S, Hayes A, Herkenhoff KE, Horgan BHN, Johnson JR, Kinch KB, Lemmon MT, Madsen MB, Núñez JI, Paar G, Rice M, Rice JW Jr, Schmitz N, Sullivan R, Vaughan A, Wolff MJ, Bechtold A, Bosak T, Duflot LE, Fairén AG, Garczynski B, Jaumann R, Merusi M, Million C, Ravanis E, Shuster DL, Simon J, St Clair M, Tate C, Walter S, Weiss B, Bailey AM, Bertrand T, Beyssac O, Brown AJ, Caballo-Perucha P, Caplinger MA, Caudill CM, Cary F, Cisneros E, Cloutis EA, Cluff N, Corlies P, Crawford K, Curtis S, Deen R, Dixon D, Donaldson C, Barrington M, Ficht M, Fleron S, Hansen M, Harker D, Howson R, Huggett J, Jacob S, Jensen E, Jensen OB, Jodhpurkar M, Joseph J, Juarez C, Kah LC, Kanine O, Kristensen J, Kubacki T, Lapo K, Magee A, Maimone M, Mehall GL, Mehall L, Mollerup J, Viúdez-Moreiras D, Paris K, Powell KE, Preusker F, Proton J, Rojas C, Sallurday D, Saxton K, Scheller E, Seeger CH, Starr M, Stein N, Turenne N, Van Beek J, Winhold AG, Yingling R. Geological, multispectral, and meteorological imaging results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abo4856
Observes that rocks in Jezero crater are consistent with both an igneous and impactite origin, contributing to the formation of the regolith.
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