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the claim
Descartes argued that animals are automata lacking consciousness
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
1 source for · 0 against
AS REPORTEDno primary record reached; this is what the reporting says

Historical encyclopedia references indicate that animals were viewed as mere automata in the sense put forward by Descartes.

Evidence for · 1
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Psychology
cited by 0
who are said to learn nothing, would, in spite of their marvellous instinctive skill, be regarded as mere automata in Descartes’s sense. That this criterion
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The analysis

rails:sufficiency:supported:single_source:for=1+0p:against=0+0p | v55:sufficiency

Everything we examined (1)
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  1. 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Psychologyreferenceno side taken
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