Retrieved economic literature consistently links the broader economic slowdowns and secular stagnation in advanced Western nations and Japan to declining total factor productivity growth.
The retrieved papers examine economic stagnation and slowdowns in advanced economies (such as the US, European nations, and Japan) and consistently identify declining total factor productivity (TFP) growth as the primary proximate or structural cause. Papers 0, 4, 8, and 11 all point directly to TFP slowdowns as driving forces behind economic stagnation. There are no retrieved papers refuting this relationship.