... discipline , and the effectiveness , of the Roman soldier . The range of possible punishments actually remained very similar to the Republican period . Decimation could still be enforced . Execution of indi- vidual soldiers for the ... This Handbook gathers 38 leading historians to describe, analyze, and interpret warfare and its effects in classical Greece and Rome. At the same time, warfare and its conduct often had significant and wide-reaching economic, social, or political consequences. The Oxford Handbook of Warfare in the Classical World offers a critical examination of war and organized violence. The volume's introduction begins with the ancient sources for the writing of war, preceded by broad surveys of warfare in ancient Greece and Rome. Also included herein are chapters analyzing new finds in battlefield archaeology and how the environment affected the ancient practice of war. A second section is comprised of broad narratives of classical societies at war, covering the expanse from classical Greece through to the later Roman Empire. Chaniotis citizens classical cohort combat commanders defeat defense Demetrius Diod early emperor Empire enemy equipment evidence example fetial fifth century fighting fleet forces fourth century frontier Greece Greek Hannibal helmet Herodotus Homer hoplite horse hypaspists Imperial infantry Italy javelins king land late later legionary legions Livy London Macedonian Mediterranean mercenaries naval Oxford Parthian Peloponnesian Peloponnesian War peltasts period Persian phalanx Philip pilum Plataea Plut political Polyb Polybius Pritchett Punic recruited ritual role Roman army Roman military Rome sarissa Sasanian second century shield ships Sicily siege soldiers sources Spartan spear sword Syracusans Syracuse Tacitus tactics Theban third century thousand Thuc Thucydides tion triremes Tritle troops units victory wall warfare wars warships weapons wounds Xenophon Informasi bibliografi Judul The Oxford Handbook of Warfare in the Classical World Oxford Handbooks Series Editor Brian Campbell , Lawrence A.