Converting lunar regolith into oxygen is a viable option for space sustainability.
Multiple studies demonstrate that converting lunar regolith into oxygen is an established and viable in-situ resource utilization strategy to support sustainable space exploration and reduce reliance on Earth-supplied logistics.
The claim is specific, empirical, and contestable (addressing whether lunar regolith can be viably converted to oxygen for space sustainability). Papers [3], [4], and [9] directly discuss and model oxygen extraction from lunar regolith as a key component of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) for space exploration. No papers refute the claim.
Esposito M, Tonietti L, Santomartino R, Giovannelli D, Chianese E, Rotundi A, Romano I, Poli A, Finore I, Cordone A, Di Donato P. Integrating resource utilization and bioregenerative life support systems for sustainable space exploration.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1837116
Paper [3] highlights that traditional in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) concepts process local rocks and regolith to extract oxygen and other consumables to support sustainable space exploration.
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Lather M, Gulati P, Kumar H, Mahajan A. Supply Chain Due Diligence in Space-based Manufacturing and Lunar Resource Extraction: Building Sustainable & Resilient Cislunar Operations. 2026. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8763157/v1
Paper [4] notes that technical literature on lunar ISRU explicitly highlights oxygen production from regolith as a prerequisite for extended lunar presence and cislunar logistics.
Leger D, Ghaffari-Tabrizi F, Shaw M, Rasera J, Dickson D, Valentin B, Morlock A, Thoresen F, Cowley A. Modeling energy requirements for oxygen production on the Moon.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2306146122
Paper [9] models energy requirements for extracting oxygen from lunar regolith, confirming its viability and technical parameters for producing liquid oxygen on the Moon.
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