Computers can be hacked to use connected speakers as microphones
Computers and smart devices can indeed be exploited through side-channel attacks that repurpose internal hardware or connected components, such as accelerometers and piezoelectric elements, to act as microphones and eavesdrop on speakers.
The retrieved literature includes multiple peer-reviewed security papers demonstrating that devices like smartphones and computers can be compromised to capture acoustic data and reconstruct speech from speakers by exploiting unintended sensor behaviors, supporting the claim.
Zhongjie Ba, Tianhang Zheng, Xinyu Zhang, Zhan Qin, Baochun Li, Xue Liu, Kui Ren. Learning-based Practical Smartphone Eavesdropping with Built-in Accelerometer. 2020. https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2020.24076
Demonstrates an attack using a smartphone accelerometer to eavesdrop on the speaker within the same device.
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Pengfei Hu, Hui Zhuang, Panneer Selvam Santhalingam, Riccardo Spolaor, Parth H. Pathak, Guoming Zhang, Xiuzhen Cheng. AccEar: Accelerometer Acoustic Eavesdropping with Unconstrained Vocabulary. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833716
Shows that accelerometer data can be used to reconstruct audio played on a smartphone speaker.
Chao Wang, Feng Lin, Tiantian Liu, Ziwei Liu, Yijie Shen, Zhongjie Ba, Li Lü, Wenyao Xu, Kui Ren. mmPhone: Acoustic Eavesdropping on Loudspeakers via mmWave-characterized Piezoelectric Effect. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796806
Presents an acoustic eavesdropping system that turns piezoelectric components into passive microphones to recover speech from loudspeakers.
Chuyu Wang, Lei Xie, Yuancan Lin, Wei Wang, Yingying Chen, Yanling Bu, Kai Zhang, Sanglu Lu. Thru-the-wall Eavesdropping on Loudspeakers via RFID by Capturing Sub-mm Level Vibration. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3494975
Explores capturing loudspeaker vibrations to perform eavesdropping and reconstruct audio using RFID technology.
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