Computer data can be encoded and stored within synthetic DNA
Multiple studies demonstrate that digital computer data can be successfully encoded, synthesized, and stored within synthetic DNA sequences, relying on specialized error correction and translation algorithms.
The claim states that computer data can be encoded and stored within synthetic DNA. All ten selected papers directly investigate, build upon, or simulate methods for encoding digital data into synthetic DNA sequences, establishing overwhelming support for the claim.
Philipp L Antkowiak, Jory Lietard, Mohammad Zalbagi Darestani, M. Somoza, W. Stark, Reinhard Heckel, R. Grass. Low cost DNA data storage using photolithographic synthesis and advanced information reconstruction and error correction. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19148-3
Paper [0] demonstrates a functioning DNA storage system that encodes digital files into synthetic DNA using advanced error correction algorithms.
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Yanfen Zheng, Ben Cao, Jieqiong Wu, Bin Wang, Q. Zhang. High Net Information Density DNA Data Storage by the MOPE Encoding Algorithm. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2023.3263521
Paper [1] proposes an efficient encoding algorithm to map binary data to DNA sequences for data storage.
Qian Liu, Yanan Wei, Zhaoguan Wang, Dongpo Song, Jingsong Cui, Hao Qi. Sustainable DNA Data Storage on Cellulose Paper. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202201610
Paper [2] shows that digital data can be encoded into DNA sequences and stored sustainably on cellulose paper.
Xuncai Zhang, Fuzhen Zhou. An Encoding Table Corresponding to ASCII Codes for DNA Data Storage and a New Error Correction Method HMSA. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2024.3356522
Paper [3] combines encoding methods with ASCII codes to convert text, audio, and video information into DNA sequences.
Puru Sharma, Gary Goh Yipeng, Bin Gao, Longshen Ou, Dehui Lin, D. Sharma, Djordje Jevdjic. DNA Storage Toolkit: A Modular End-to-End DNA Data Storage Codec and Simulator. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPASS61541.2024.00023
Paper [4] presents an open-source codec and simulator toolkit for encoding digital data into DNA strands.
Inbal Preuss, Michael Rosenberg, Zohar Yakhini, Leon Anavy. Efficient DNA-based data storage using shortmer combinatorial encoding. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.01.454622
Paper [6] introduces a combinatorial encoding approach for DNA-based data storage to achieve high logical density.
Liu Q, Zhang J, Cui J, Lu J, Li J, Liu Z, Qi H. High-Fidelity Data Retrieval from Synthetic DNA Pools via Machine Learning Model.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202509522
Paper [7] describes a method for storing and selectively retrieving data using synthetic DNA pools and machine learning.
E. Satır. A DNA Data Storage Method Using Spatial Encoding Based Lossless Compression. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121116
Paper [8] proposes a lossless and reversible DNA data storage method using a 2D spatial domain representation.
Akhtar MN, Awan JH, Asad AMS, Kim MY. Integrating Molecular Biology and Cryptography: A DNA and RNA-Based Framework for Secure Data Encryption.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104522
Paper [9] details a framework where digital information is converted into binary format and mapped to nucleotide sequences.
Koike T, Awano H, Sato T. Biologically Constrained DNA Encoding With Triplet Networks for Similarity Image Retrieval.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbbio.2026.3673740
Paper [11] discusses biologically constrained DNA encoding strategies for storing and retrieving digital data.
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