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the claim

Circular reasoning is always a formal logical fallacy

the verdict

REFUTED

the evidence says no

confidence 10/100

Circular reasoning is not always a formal logical fallacy; in epistemology and the justification of basic logical rules, rule-circular arguments can be valid and epistemically useful.

Evidence against · 2

The Epistemology of Logic

2020 · cited by 0

Paper [2] demonstrates that rule-circular arguments can successfully yield a priori knowledge of logical validity rather than failing automatically.

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More against · 1

Logical Rationalism

2025 · cited by 0

Paper [5] addresses the problem of avoiding vicious circularity when justifying basic rules of inference, highlighting that not all circular reasoning is fatal to logical justification.

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first checked31 Jul 2026

judged → REFUTED · 1031 Jul 2026

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