Mathematical models in ecology demonstrate that delayed interactions and nonlinear feedbacks can drive ecological populations into chaos via period-doubling and periodic-cycle routes.
The retrieved papers examine population models incorporating time delays and nonlinearities, specifically showing how period-doubling bifurcations and odd periodicity can lead to chaotic behavior in ecological settings. Papers [0] and [4] directly support the premise that population dynamics can exhibit chaos and period-doubling/periodic solutions. None of the papers refute the claim.