Certain bacteria evolved into viruses through genome reduction.
The hypothesis that certain viruses originated from bacteria or other cellular organisms via genome reduction remains intensely debated. While some studies of giant viruses and specific bacterial lineages point to massive reductive evolution, others argue for alternative origins involving gene acquisition and de novo expansion.
The claim addresses the evolutionary origin of viruses from bacteria via genome reduction. Papers [0] and [3] support models where viral or virus-like lineages undergo massive reductive evolution from cellular or primordial ancestors. Conversely, papers [1] and [6] argue against the cell-to-virus reductive evolution hypothesis for large DNA viruses, pointing instead to gene acquisition, duplication, and host-gene capture. Because prominent genomic studies directly dispute the reductive origin model for major viral groups, the verdict is CONTESTED.
A. Nasir, Kyung Mo Kim, G. Caetano-Anollés. Giant viruses coexisted with the cellular ancestors and represent a distinct supergroup along with superkingdoms Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-156
Trees of domains indicate that giant viruses have evolved via massive and primordial reductive evolutionary processes.
E. Koonin, N. Yutin. Multiple evolutionary origins of giant viruses. 2018. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16248.1
Phylogenomic analyses reveal multiple origins of giant viruses from smaller viruses via gene acquisition and duplication rather than cellular reductive evolution.
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R. Bokhari, Nooreen Amirjan, Hyeonsoo Jeong, Kyung Mo Kim, G. Caetano-Anollés, A. Nasir. Bacterial Origin and Reductive Evolution of the CPR Group.. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa024
The findings indicate that certain groups like the CPR microorganisms are bacteria that have evolved in an Archaea-like manner via massive genome reduction.
J. A. Campillo-Balderas, ·. A. Lazcano, W. Cottom-Salas, R. Jácome, ·. A. Becerra, Anthony M. Poole, A. Becerra. Pangenomic Analysis of Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses. I: The Phylogenetic Distribution of Conserved Oxygen-Dependent Enzymes Reveals a Capture-Gene Process. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-023-10126-z
Pangenomic analyses support gene-capture and escaping-gene events from cellular hosts rather than a strict reductive evolution model from cellular ancestors.
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