... units deployed in East Africa against the Germans and their askaris ( African soldier trained and equipped by the Germans ) , who were ... cavalry regiments ) , by adopting new techniques , conducted mobile warfare against the retreating ... Accustomed to conducting low-intensity warfare before 1914, the Indian Army learnt to engage in high-intensity conventional warfare during the course of World War I, thereby exhibiting a steep learning curve. Being the bulwark of the British Empire in South Asia, the ‘brown warriors’ of the Raj functioned as an imperial fire brigade during the war. Studying the Indian Army as an institution during the war, Kaushik Roy delineates its social, cultural, and organizational aspects to understand its role in the scheme of British imperial projects. Focusing not just on ‘history from above’ but also ‘history from below’, Roy analyses the experiences of common soldiers and not just those of the high command. Moreover, since society, along with the army, was mobilized to provide military and non-mi

From the outbreak of World War I until the end of the next global conflict in 1945, as a result of the appearance of motor vehicles and, above all, armoured weapons – tanks, there was an irrevocable end to the classic mounted cavalry, ultimately leading to its disappearance from the battlefields. Thus ended an era in Eurasian military history that lasted for at least several thousand years, during which the rider and his mount played an extremely important role. The book consists of three separate studies. The first one presents the history of the use of the horse in a war chariot and as a horse in various eras – from the Bronze Age to the mid-20th century, that is, from the times of glory until the twilight of cavalry, when the ethos of this extremely interesting weapon finally ended. The next two studies are devoted to the history of Eurasian cavalry. The first one discusses the personnel of one of the great mounted cavalry units of the Polish Army – the Pomeranian Cavalry Brigade – from the last months and days preceding the outbreak of World War II, while the second one discusses the organisational and numerical status and the armament of large cavalry units and mechanised corps, as well as other armored formations of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army in June 1941, i.e. on the eve of the outbreak of the German-Soviet war.

The experience of the First World War showed the increasing role of aviation on the battlefield and its significant contribution to the final result of the struggle. With the outbreak of the civil war on the territory of the former Russian Empire, in the confrontation of the reds, whites, and greens, only the first two turned out to have aviation units inherited from the Imperial army. Since the actions of aviation turned out to be very successful, especially in terms of conducting aerial reconnaissance, adjusting artillery fire, bombing, and storming cavalry units, their number grew. Both through the manufacture of new aircraft and through supplies from abroad. Tactics were improved. Radio communication was used to adjust artillery fire. For aerial reconnaissance of cinema and photographic equipment. Elements of interaction with ground units were worked out. The successful actions of aviation against cavalry units in Tavria significantly influenced the outcome of the fighting. The article personalizes many outstanding pilots of the Civil War period, both in the camp of whites and Reds. The brands of all aircraft used at that time are given. It plays a role in correcting the artillery fire of balloons and means of combating them. All the main battles of the final stage of the Civil War and the role of military aircraft of the warring parties in them are shown.

In March 1918, the Kuban Cossacks in the Caucasus region raised the first majoruprising against the Bolshevik regime. During the uprising, the Cossack cavalryplayed an important role. A very valuable source for studying the military art of theCossack cavalry during this uprising are the memoirs of Fedіr Eliseev. He was ayoung but authoritative Cossack cavalry officer. During the uprising, Fedіr Eliseev ledthe entire cavalry of the Cossacks and took part in all battles. The Cossacks had a highlevel of individual and collective combat training due to the paramilitary way of lifeand combat experience (especially during the First World War). The military art of theCossack cavalry had its strengths during the uprising: the Cossacks fought very wellon horseback; they could quickly dismount and fight like infantry; the cavalry movedvery fast and maneuvered deftly; the Cossacks used 20 stratagems (partially 1); thedetachment of the advanced guard acted qualitatively, especially during the nightoffensive. Due to this, the cavalry of the insurgent Cossacks won most of the battles.The Cossack cavalry also found shortcomings: there were no cavalry artillery in thelarge cavalry detachment; the defeat of the main forces of the insurgents led to thedemoralization of the Cossack cavalry and mass desertion. The uprising wassuppressed, but the Cossack cavalry demonstrated: a high level of combat training, avariety of tactics, sufficient coordination of units in battle, and skilful command. The