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the claim

Carbonated water is harmful to health

the verdict
OVERSTATED
true in a weaker form than the claim states
Recorded sources
7 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Multiple studies demonstrate that carbonated beverages possess erosive potential capable of damaging dental enamel and dentin due to their acidity and carbonation.

The analysis

The retrieved literature consistently supports the claim that carbonated beverages are harmful to dental health specifically, showing measurable enamel and dentinal erosion from various types of carbonated drinks. None of the papers refute this conclusion.

what the evidence does support

Carbonated water can cause dental enamel erosion and risks to dental health.

Evidence for · 7
Recorded source metadata

Michael Kitchens, Barry Owens. Effect of Carbonated Beverages, Coffee, Sports and High Energy Drinks, and Bottled Water on the in vitro Erosion Characteristics of Dental Enamel. 2007. https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.31.3.1157l653t8206100

Demonstrates that carbonated beverages have a significant erosive effect on dental enamel.

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More for · 6
Recorded source metadata

S. Saxena. Effects of pH, titratable acidity and calcium concentration of non alcoholic carbonated beverages on enamel erosion: an in vitro study.. 2010. https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v18i2.145

Shows that non-alcoholic carbonated beverages possess properties that cause enamel erosion.

Recorded source metadata

R Sorvari, I Rytömaa. Drinks and dental health.. 1991. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1775489/

Notes that increased consumption of carbonated beverages poses risks of dental caries and erosion.

Recorded source metadata

M Samman, E Kaye, H Cabral, T Scott, W Sohn. Dental Erosion: Effect of Diet Drink Consumption on Permanent Dentition.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1177/23800844211048478

Indicates that diet carbonated drinks can slightly increase the risk of dental erosion.

Recorded source metadata

A J Rugg-Gunn, A Maguire, P H Gordon, J F McCabe, G Stephenson. Comparison of erosion of dental enamel by four drinks using an intra-oral applicance.. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1159/000016469

Finds that diet phosphoric acid-based cola drinks cause significant loss of surface enamel.

Recorded source metadata

Abikshyeet Panda, Bikramaditya Ghosh, Imon Pal, Vijay Kumar, Lipsa Bhuyan, Kailash C Dash. Dissolution of Enamel on Exposure to Various Commercial Beverages Available in India.. 2017. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2166

Concludes that commercial carbonated drinks cause damage and weight loss to tooth structures due to low pH.

Recorded source metadata

Scott D Eckhart, John A Brewster, Denice C Curtis. The erosive potential of sugar-free waters on cervical dentin.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfscie.2022.100009

Demonstrates that carbonated beverages lead to increased volume loss and greater depth of dentinal erosion compared to noncarbonated waters.

The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked01 Aug 2026
judged → OVERSTATED · 001 Aug 2026
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