Abstract Anthropogenic emissions have produced significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial revolution. High levels of atmospheric CO2 increases global temperature as CO2 absorbs outgoing longwave radiation and re-emits. Though a well-mixed greenhouse gas, CO2 concentration is not uniform in the atmosphere across different altitudes and latitudes. Here, we uncover a region of high CO2 concentration (i.e. CO2 pool) in the middle troposphere (500–300 hPa) over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP, 40° E–140° W, 25° S–25° N), in which the CO2 concentration is higher than that of other regions in the same latitude band (20° N–20° S), by using CO2 satellite measurements for the period 2002–2017. This CO2 pool extends from the western Pacific to the eastern Indian Ocean. Much of the CO2 pool is over the western Pacific Ocean (74.87%), and the remaining lies over the eastern Indian Ocean (25.13%). The rising branch of Walker circulation acts as a “CO2 Chimney” that constantly transports CO2 released from the natural, human-induced and ocean outgassing processes to the middle and upper troposphere. The CO2 pool evolves throughout the year with an average annual trend of about 2.17 ppm yr−1, as estimated for the period 2003–2016. Our analysis further reveals that La Niña (El Niño) events strengthen (weaken) the CO2 pool in the mid-troposphere. The radiative forcing for the CO2 pool suggests more warming in the region and is a grave con The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Anthropogenic emissions have produced significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial revolution. High levels of atmospheric CO 2 increases global temperature as CO 2 absorbs outgoing longwave radiation and re-emits. Though a well-mixed greenhouse gas, CO 2 concentration is not uniform in the atmosphere across different altitudes and latitudes. Here, we uncover a region of high CO 2 concentration (i.e. CO 2 pool) in the middle troposphere (500–300 hPa) over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP, 40° E–140° W, 25° S–25° N), in which the CO 2 concentration is higher than that of other regions in the same latitude band (20° N–20° S), by using CO 2 satellite measurements for the period 2002–2017. This CO 2 pool extends from the western Pacific to the eastern Indian Ocean. Much of the CO 2 pool is over the western Pacific Ocean (74.87%), and the remaining lies over the eastern Indian Ocean (25.13%). The rising branch of Walker circulation acts as a “CO 2 Chimney” that constantly transports CO 2 released from the natural, human-induced and ocean outgassing processes to the middle and upper troposphere. The CO 2 pool evolves throughout the year with an average annual trend of about 2.17 ppm yr −1 , as estimated for the period 2003–2016. Our analysis further reveals that La Niña (El Niño) events strengthen (weaken) the CO 2 pool in the mid-troposphere. Subject terms Carbon cycle Atmospheric chemistry pmc-status-qastatus 0 pmc-status-live yes pmc-status-embargo no pmc-status-released yes pmc-prop-open-access yes pmc-prop-olf no pmc-prop-manuscript no pmc-prop-legally-suppressed no pmc-prop-has-pdf yes pmc-prop-has-supplement yes pmc-prop-pdf-only no pmc-prop-suppress-copyright no pmc-prop-is-real-version no pmc-prop-is-scanned-article no pmc-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2023 Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), a major greenhouse gas (GHG), concentration has been steadily rising in the atmosphere since the mid-nineteenth century. The average of CO 2 over land regions during 2003–2016 is 388.52 ± 0.93 ppm, whereas it is 387.95 ± 1.27 ppm over the oceans. Also, there is a difference of 1.13 ± 0.1 ppm between land regions of the north and south hemispheres, and 0.63 ± 0.06 ppm between the oceans of both hemispheres. Higher emission regions show higher CO 2 concentrations (e.g. NH), but lower over the carbon sink regions (e.g. the Atlantic minimum). Note that atmospheric circulation also plays a key role in the redistribution and mixing of CO 2 15 . As illustrated in Fig. The regional temperature exhibits a positive feedback on the atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 . A major region of heat source in the ocean, the IPWP, acts as a medium to distribute CO 2 in the atmosphere to different altitudes 12 . The global distribution of SST is CO 2 observations at ocean surface The near-surface measurements of atmospheric CO 2 show an immediate and prominent response to changes in carbon sources than CO 2 in mid-troposphere due to the proximity advantage of surface measurements (Fig. 5 c). A study on the influence of Pacific Ocean on atmospheric CO 2 using measurements from Mauna Loa observatory (MLO) shows that most El Niño events correspond to an immediate decrease in atmospheric CO 2 within a month or two 40 , which can be also found in Fig. 5 c . Our analyses also give new insights on the global distribution of CO 2 in the mid-troposphere and its variability, particularly over the oceanic regions as they are largest carbon sinks on the Earth. Understanding the connection between IPWP and CO 2 pool is beneficial to tackle the complex ocean–atmosphere interactions and thus, to mitigate global warming and climate change triggered by CO 2 in the atmosphere. Methods We have used the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) CO 2 data, which is available from September 2002 to February 2017 with a horizontal resolution of 2.5° × 2°.

The burning of fossil fuels causes the release of greenhouse gases which acts like a wrapped blanket around the earth and traps the heat of the sun and increases the temperature, as well land clearing and deforestation also play a major role in increasing the carbon dioxide of the earth. The main greenhouse gas which causes climate change is carbon dioxide, based on the research conducted, the removal of carbon dioxide from the earth's atmosphere is inevitable, which is currently mainly has been established in the form of conventional methods in development countries. It is important to note that all possible scenarios for the reduction of carbon dioxide gas have been investigated and the method of removing carbon dioxide(RCD) from the earth is specially considerable. The application of carbon dioxide removal at the Gt level requires significant development of new technologies. Our findings form the main lines of research that can be considered for the construction of devices capable of potentially effective removal of carbon dioxide from the surface of the Earth and space, and allow us to identify sources of emission from point sources before fuel and collect carbon dioxide gas after fueling the earth’s atmosphere in order to prevent global warming. 553 How to Control Carbon Dioxide Gas in the Earth's Atmosphere to Reduce Global Warming Tayeb Hamed 1*and Farahi Mohammad Husain2 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Farah University, Farah, Afghanistan 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of education , Farah University, Farah, Afghanistan *Corresponding author: Hamedtayeb1369@gmail.com ABSTRACT The burning of fossil fuels causes the release of greenhouse gase s which acts like a wrapped blanket around the earth and traps the heat of the sun and increases the temperature , as well land clearing and deforestation also play a major role in increasing the carbon dioxide of the earth. The main greenhouse gas which causes climate change is carbon dioxide, based on the research conducted, the removal of carbon dioxide from the earth's atmosphere is inevitable, which is currently mainly has been established in the form of conventional methods in development countries. It is important to note that all possible scenarios for the reduction of carbon dioxide gas have been investigated and the method of removing carbon dioxide (RCD) from the earth is specially considerable. The application of carbon dioxide removal at the Gt level requires significant development of new technologies. Our findings form the main lines of research that can be considered for the construction of devices capable of potentially effective removal of carbon dioxide from the surface of the Earth and space, and allow us to identify sources of emission fro m point sources before fuel and collect carbon dioxide gas after fueling the earth’s atmosphere in order to prevent global warming. Keywords: Climate change, Carbon dioxide, devices, global temperature, fossil fuels, atmosphere INTRODUCTION Carbon dioxide is a natural gas that exists in the earth ’s atmosphere; Carbon dioxide, which consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen Without carbon dioxide, plants cannot survive on earth, similarly, carbon dioxide plays an important role in maintaining the habitable climate on this planet, and as a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide traps heat in the a tmosphere and they keep our planet warm even when the sun is not shining, yet outdoor carbon dioxide levels have increased due to human activity. Fossil resources are huge deposits of carbon dioxide, which are located underground in the absence of air. The access of humans to these resources has caused the fuel of machines, industrial companies, cement companies, etc. Absorption of carbon dioxide from fossil materials after fuel The post-combustion method is based on CO 2 separation after the fuel combustion step (Agency, 2022) . This means that the technology can be installed on existing power plants without excessive interference due to the structure. The method works for solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Combustion occurs with air, which contributes to a flue gas content of mainly nitrogen and 3 -15 vol % CO 2. In order to separate CO 2 from the flue gas organic solvents such as monothiol amine (MEA) can be used. Inorganic solvents such as ammonia have proved successful for the separation of CO 2 as well. DISCUSSION We know that climate changes are taking place and the water level is also increasing, and the reason for this is the large volume of gases, especially carbon dioxide, produced by humans (Butler, 2020), the problem of global warming will not be solved simply by producing less greenhouse gas because the level of carbon dioxide particles in the earth's atmosphere has increased enough , it is the method that collects carbon dioxide in the same production source and basically does not allow it to reach the earth's atmosphere, for example in some power plants (Dawson & Spannagle, 2009) , but this method does not so lve the problem of the large number of INTERNATIOANL JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES (nuijb) NANGARHAR UNIVERSITY e-ISSN: 2957-9988 nuijb.nu.edu.af 556 carbon dioxide particles in the atmosphere, for this we must have a device that can collect carbon dioxide, whi ch we call an artificial tree (Lackner, 2019), in future research, we should also keep in mind that carbon dioxide has a cycle between forests, fossil materials, and weather. Absorption of Carbon dioxid by ammonia. VÄXJÖ UNIVERSITET, 8-15. Smith, P., Adams, J., Beerling, D.J., Beringer, T., Calvin, K.V., Fuss, S. et al. (2019). Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal and their impacts on ecosystem services and the Sustainable Development Goals. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 44(1), 255-286. Wang, M., Lawal, A., Stephenson, P., Sidders, J., Ramshaw, C., & Yeung, H. (2011). Post -combustion Carbon dioxide Capture with Chemical Absorption. Chemical Enginering Research desing, 235-243.

primary carbon source for life on Earth. In the air, carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation, acting as a greenhouse gas Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CO2. It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in a gas state at room temperature and at normally-encountered concentrations it is odorless. As the source of carbon in the carbon cycle, atmospheric CO2 is the primary carbon source for life on Earth. In the air, Carbon dioxide is a food additive used as a propellant and acidity regulator in the food industry. It is approved for usage in the EU (listed as E number E290), US, Australia and New Zealand (listed by its INS number 290). A candy called Pop Rocks is pressurized with carbon dioxide gas at about 4,000 kPa (40 bar; 580 psi). When placed in the mouth, it dissolves (just like other hard candy) and releases the gas bubbles with an audible pop. Leavening agents cause…

O Juiz Stevens proferiu o Acórdão do Tribunal. Um aumento bem documentado das temperaturas globais tem coincidido com um aumento significativo da concentração de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera. Cientistas respeitados acreditam que estas duas tendências estão relacionadas. Quando o dióxido de carbono é libertado na atmosfera, atua como o teto de uma estufa, aprisionando a energia solar e retardando a saída do calor refletido. É, portanto, uma espécie ” a mais importante espécie ” de "gás com efe