Caffeine improves cognitive and physical performance even in habituated consumers
Evidence on whether caffeine enhances cognitive and physical performance in habituated consumers is mixed. While several studies demonstrate performance benefits in habitual users, others report inconsistent ergogenic effects or a lack of improvement.
The retrieved papers present conflicting findings regarding the ergogenic and cognitive benefits of caffeine specifically in habituated consumers. Several recent empirical studies (e.g., papers 3, 4, 8, 11) report performance improvements in habitual users, whereas other reviews and trials (papers 0, 10) highlight inconsistencies, methodological limitations in defining habituation, or complete failures to replicate performance gains at certain doses.
Raci Karayigit, Alireza Naderi, Bryan Saunders, Scott C. Forbes, Juan Del Coso, Erfan Berjisian, Ulas Can Yildirim, Katsuhiko Suzuki. Combined but Not Isolated Ingestion of Caffeine and Taurine Improves Wingate Sprint Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes Habituated to Caffeine. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9120162
Demonstrates that caffeine ingestion improves peak and mean power during sprinting in female athletes who are habitual caffeine consumers.
Aleksandra Filip, Michal Wilk, Michal Krzysztofik, Juan Del Coso. Inconsistency in the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine in Athletes Who Regularly Consume Caffeine: Is It Due to the Disparity in the Criteria That Defines Habitual Caffeine Intake?. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041087
Notes that studies on the ergogenic effect of caffeine in habitual versus naive consumers yield contradictory results, often depending on classification thresholds.
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Mor H, Mor A, Abdioğlu M, Tohănean DI, Savu CV, Acar GC, Moraru CE, Alexe DI. The Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance and Functional Strength in Female Soccer Players.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132156
Finds that acute caffeine intake enhances anaerobic capacity and lower-limb functional strength in habituated female soccer players.
Lints BS, Harrison AT, Stray-Gundersen SO, Mastrofini GF, Romersi RF, Nakagawa NK, Yoder MB, Martin-Diala CE, Chandler AJ, Moore RD, Arent SM. A caffeine and theacrine combination improves cognitive performance in tactical personnel under physically fatiguing conditions.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2536146
Shows that caffeine consistently enhances cognitive and physical performance in tactical personnel under fatiguing conditions.
Amor SB, Dhahbi W, Souaifi M, Ceylan Hİ, Padulo J, Vando S, Ceylan NB, Muntean RI, Souissi N. Differential Time-of-Day Effects of Caffeine Capsule and Mouth Rinse on Physical Performance and Volleyball-Specific Skills in Adolescent Male Volleyball Players.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18101514
Reports that caffeine ingestion improves physical performance and sport-specific skills in trained athletes, particularly mitigating morning decrements.
Dawid Gawel, Magdalena Kaszuba, Zuzanna Komarek, Robert Krawczyk, Marta Bichowska, Marcin Jasinski, Robert Trybulski. The effect of caffeine on countermovement jump performance in recreationally trained women habituated to caffeine. 2022. https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.03
Finds that an acute dose of 3 mg/kg of caffeine failed to improve countermovement jump performance in recreationally trained women habituated to caffeine.
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