from the nearest first-order settlements. This indicates that first-order towns in the Bronze Age typically bore an average territorial radius of 5-7.5 The Latial culture (c. 900–700 BCE) was an Iron Age culture of central Latium, in central Italy, associated with the proto-Latin population, ranged approximately over ancient Old Latium. The Apennine culture of Latium transitioned smoothly into the Latial with no evidence of an intrusive population movement. The population generally abandoned sites of purely economic advantage in favor of defensib Urbanization in Old Latium can be further analyzed according to the site catchment models outlined by John Bintliff. According to Bintliff, within certain types of agrarian civilizations, a system in which each settlement is provided a territorial radius of around five kilometers provides the ideal amount of available land and resources to each community. In Latium, during the Bronze Age, the highest-ranking communities were typically around five to six hectares large and usually situated around ten to fifteen kilometers from the nearest first-order settlements. This indicates that first-order towns in the Bronze Age typically bore an average territorial radius of 5-7.5 kilometers, which may correspond to the optimal standard of five kilometers outlined by Bintliff. According to Bintliff, population growth and the subsequent birth of new settlements may progressively reduce the average territorial radius from around five kilometers to three to four kilometers and eventually two to three kilometers. These ranges can remain relatively stable and need not accompany any significant economic burden imposed on the broader civilization. During the Early Iron Age, the increasing number of minor settlements were typically situated around seven to nine kilometers from the nearest urban center, thereby possessing a radius of around 3.5-4 kilometers. Bintliff suggests that, following this period, the typical settlement radius may decrease to one to two kilometers, which may reflect overpopulation or limited resource availability. This ultimate stage may—according to Fulminante—correspond to the Early Iron Age II and the ensuing periods, by which time the distance between minor settlements and proto-urban cities had lowered to around five to six kilometers, leading to an average territorial radius of 1.5-2.5 kilometers. Fulminante aimed to analyze Latial urbanization through the application of theoretical models of human societal development to the territory surrounding Rome. The sample size for her study was limited to an area now included within the Municipio IV, an administrative division of Rome. Thus, the research may not apply to the entirety of Latium, though…

The Late Bronze Age settlement site of Březnice: Magnetometer survey data The archaeological site of Březnice (Czechia) represents one of the large settlements of the Late Bronze Age (Ha A2/B1, 14C: 1124–976 BC) in Bohemia. The site became known mainly for a high number of so-called ‘trenches’, oblong pit features (breadth around 1 m, length 4–7 m), remarkable not only for their specific shape but also for their contents (unusual amounts of pottery, daub, loom weights and other finds, often with traces of a strong fire).In 2018–20, a research project focusing on the study of the site was realized. Magnetometer survey became an integral part of the project since it represented a way to obtain an overall image of the site. A 5-channel fluxgate gradiometer from Sensys (Germany) was used; the vertical gradient of the Z component of the Earth magnetic field was measured. In total, the survey covered an area of over 17 hectares and included over 1.8 million measurements.