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the claim

Brain cortical folding patterns vary significantly between individuals

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
4 sources for · 0 against

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Brain cortical folding patterns and morphological networks vary substantially across individuals, providing reliable neuroanatomical fingerprints and markers for individual identification.

The analysis

The claim is specific and empirical. Multiple high-quality neuroimaging and genetic studies consistently demonstrate that cortical folding (sulcal depth, gyrification, and sulcal complexity) varies significantly between individuals and can be used for individual identification.

Evidence for · 4
Recorded source metadata

Zhen Li, Junle Li, Ningkai Wang, Jinhui Wang. Towards understanding interindividual differences in cortical morphological brain networks. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.21.423884

Paper 0 establishes that morphological brain networks based on measures such as sulcal depth and gyrification index account for significant interindividual variance and can identify individuals with high accuracy.

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More for · 3
Recorded source metadata

Ooi S, Tailby C, Pardoe HR, Carney PW, Sethi M, Haderlein J, Jackson GD, Vaughan DN. Structural brain imaging biomarkers for predicting seizure recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/epi4.70236

Paper 1 notes that gyral curvatures and cortical folding patterns exhibit substantial inter-hemispheric and inter-individual variability.

Recorded source metadata

Demirci N, Coalson TS, Holland MA, Van Essen DC, Glasser MF. Compensating cortical thickness for cortical folding-related variation.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1106

Paper 7 explicitly discusses how cortical folds vary widely across individuals and introduce unmodeled variance into neuroimaging studies.

Recorded source metadata

Snyder W, Shafee R, Liu S, Levitis E, Duan K, Kumar K, Schleifer CH, Boen R, Ching CR, Han JC, Lee N, Mulle JG, Shultz S, Jacquemont S, Bearden CE, Vértes PE, Bullmore ET, Raznahan A. Genetic insights on the mechanisms of human cortical folding. 2026. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.03.06.709690

Paper 11 maps human sulcal complexity across large cohorts, confirming that intricate cortical folding patterns are distinct and variable across individuals.

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first checked01 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 7801 Aug 2026
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