Brain cortical folding patterns vary significantly between individuals
Brain cortical folding patterns and morphological networks vary substantially across individuals, providing reliable neuroanatomical fingerprints and markers for individual identification.
The claim is specific and empirical. Multiple high-quality neuroimaging and genetic studies consistently demonstrate that cortical folding (sulcal depth, gyrification, and sulcal complexity) varies significantly between individuals and can be used for individual identification.
Zhen Li, Junle Li, Ningkai Wang, Jinhui Wang. Towards understanding interindividual differences in cortical morphological brain networks. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.21.423884
Paper 0 establishes that morphological brain networks based on measures such as sulcal depth and gyrification index account for significant interindividual variance and can identify individuals with high accuracy.
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Ooi S, Tailby C, Pardoe HR, Carney PW, Sethi M, Haderlein J, Jackson GD, Vaughan DN. Structural brain imaging biomarkers for predicting seizure recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/epi4.70236
Paper 1 notes that gyral curvatures and cortical folding patterns exhibit substantial inter-hemispheric and inter-individual variability.
Demirci N, Coalson TS, Holland MA, Van Essen DC, Glasser MF. Compensating cortical thickness for cortical folding-related variation.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1106
Paper 7 explicitly discusses how cortical folds vary widely across individuals and introduce unmodeled variance into neuroimaging studies.
Snyder W, Shafee R, Liu S, Levitis E, Duan K, Kumar K, Schleifer CH, Boen R, Ching CR, Han JC, Lee N, Mulle JG, Shultz S, Jacquemont S, Bearden CE, Vértes PE, Bullmore ET, Raznahan A. Genetic insights on the mechanisms of human cortical folding. 2026. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.03.06.709690
Paper 11 maps human sulcal complexity across large cohorts, confirming that intricate cortical folding patterns are distinct and variable across individuals.
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