Biradial symmetry is a valid anatomical body plan found in certain marine organisms
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Peer-reviewed literature and reference materials confirm that biradial symmetry is a recognized anatomical body plan present in certain marine organisms such as ctenophores.
ABSTRACT Ctenophores are a phylum of diploblastic marine animals displaying biradial symmetry organized along an oral aboral axis. One of the apomorphic sets of adult structures in ctenophores are the eight external comb rows, which run along the oral-aboral axis. Comb rows consist of serial arrays of individual comb plates of cilia, which beat in a coordinated fashion for locomotory behavior. Classical cell lineage experiments using chalk particles indicated that comb rows are derived exclusively from the four e1 micromeres at the 16-cell stage. This conclusion was also supported by the fact
In biradial symmetry, in addition to antero-posterior axis there are also two other axes or planes of symmetry at right angles to it and each other such as the sagittal or median verticular-longitudinal and transverse or cross axes. Such animals have two pairs of symmetrical slides i.e there are two planes of symmetry. You can visualize it as a combination of radial and bilateral symmetry. The body has similarity on either side of a central axis but slight differences in sections next to each other if divided across any plane. E.g. ctenophores. for more info In this image you can see that there are two planes of symmetry, one passing along the oral-aboral axis and the long axis of the mouth. The other passing along the oral-aboral axis and short axis of the mouth. The antimeres on either side of one plane are slightly different from the antimeres on either side of the plane (Imagine in 3
Background: An important question in experimental embryology is to understand how the developmental potential responsible for the generation of distinct cell types is spatially segregated over developmental time. Classical embryological work showed that ctenophores, a group of gelatinous marine invertebrates that arose early in animal evolution, display a highly stereotyped pattern of early development and a precocious specification of blastomere fates. Here we investigate the role of autonomous cell specification and the developmental timing of two distinct ctenophore cell types (motile compo
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